Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien benthopelagisch; diepte 60 - 180 m (Ref. 5530). Tropical; 31°N - 34°S
East Pacific: Costa Rica, Colombia to extreme south of Chile. Records from Juan Fernández Is. are incidental (Ref. 89357). Records from Baja California, Mexico, Nicaragua and the Galapagos Islands are doubtful.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm 26.9  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 54.5 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 53696); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 2.5 kg (Ref. 53696)
Occurs in schools (Ref. 5530). Known from a temperature range of 14-16 °C (Ref. 9098). Also caught with trammel nets (Ref. 9342). An appreciated food fish in Peru (Ref. 9342).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven
Also Ref. 103751.
Heemstra, P.C., 1995. Serranidae. Meros, serranos, guasetas, enjambres, baquetas, indios, loros, gallinas, cabrillas, garropas. p. 1565-1613. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9342)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel
Tools
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 11.5 - 17.1, mean 15 °C (based on 41 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01047 (0.00559 - 0.01961), b=3.05 (2.89 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (tm=2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (42 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 73.7 [31.6, 146.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.827 [0.437, 1.547] mg/100g; Protein = 17.2 [15.4, 18.9] %; Omega3 = 0.259 [0.147, 0.451] g/100g; Selenium = 71.9 [38.6, 155.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 46.2 [16.4, 151.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.915 [0.631, 1.330] mg/100g (wet weight);