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Girella nigricans (Ayres, 1860)

Opaleye
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Girella nigricans   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Girella nigricans (Opaleye)
Girella nigricans
Picture by Shelton, J.

Classification / Names Noms communs | Synonymes | Catalog of Fishes(Genre, Espèce) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Centrarchiformes (Basses) > Girellidae (Nibblers)
Etymology: More on author: Ayres.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Écologie

marin benthopélagique; non migrateur; profondeur 2 - 30 m (Ref. 9310), usually 2 - 6 m (Ref. 9310). Subtropical; 0°C - 33°C (Ref. 35682); 38°N - 23°N, 125°W - 106°W

Distribution Pays | Zones FAO | Écosystèmes | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Eastern Central Pacific: San Francisco in California, USA to southern Baja California, Mexico.

Taille / Poids / Âge

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 66.0 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 2850); âge max. reporté: 10 années (Ref. 56049)

Biologie     Glossaire (ex. epibenthic)

A resident intertidal species with homing behavior (Ref. 32612). Can leave tide pools if aquatic conditions become inhospitable (Ref. 31184). Also found near or over rocks and in kelp beds up to about 30 m depth. Feed mainly on seaweed, occasionally takes invertebrates. Form dense schools in spring in kelp beds. Pelagic spawner (Ref. 56049). Breathe air when out of water (Ref. 31184). Considered an important game fish and may incidentally be caught in commercial fishing activities (Ref. 9310). Marketed fresh (Ref. 9310).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larves

Pelagic spawner (Ref. 56049).

Référence principale Upload your references | Références | Coordinateur | Collaborateurs

Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)

Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)

  Préoccupation mineure (LC) ; Date assessed: 23 May 2007

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Menace pour l'homme

  Harmless





Utilisations par l'homme

Pêcheries: commercial; pêche sportive: oui
FAO - pêcheries: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Plus d'informations

Trophic ecology
Éléments du régime alimentaire
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Prédateurs
Ecology
Écologie
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Fréquences de longueurs
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larves
Dynamique des populations larvaires
Distribution
Pays
Zones FAO
Écosystèmes
Occurrences
Introductions
BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
Gill areas
Cerveaux
Otolithes
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Type de nage
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Sons de poissons
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
Génétique
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Profils d'aquaculture
Souches
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
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References
Références

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Sources Internet

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Genre, Espèce | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - pêcheries: landings; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: génôme, nucléotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Aquariums publics | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Arbre de Vie | Wikipedia: aller à, chercher | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 15.4 - 24.2, mean 22.3 °C (based on 112 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01698 (0.00949 - 0.03040), b=3.15 (2.99 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref. 69278):  2.0   ±0.00 se; based on food items.
Résilience (Ref. 120179):  Milieu, temps minimum de doublement de population : 1,4 à 4,4 années (tm=2.5; tmax=10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate to high vulnerability (46 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100).
Catégorie de prix (Ref. 80766):   Medium.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 54.1 [27.3, 92.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.834 [0.476, 1.476] mg/100g; Protein = 17.6 [16.5, 18.8] %; Omega3 = 0.185 [0.099, 0.352] g/100g; Selenium = 31.2 [13.1, 71.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.26 [1.60, 31.14] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.881 [0.611, 1.334] mg/100g (wet weight);