Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien demersaal; diepte 1 - 50 m (Ref. 96339). Subtropical; 41°N - 30°N, 125°W - 115°W (Ref. 96339)
Eastern Pacific: Cape Mendocino in northern California, USA to northern Baja California, Mexico.
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 2850)
Adults occur in rocky shores, often at edges of kelp beds, occasionally over sand but not in surf (Ref. 2850). Viviparous, female carries the developing young (Ref. 205). Caught mostly by rocky shore fishermen. Aggregates in the fall.
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven
Viviparous, female carries the developing young (Ref. 205).
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12 - 17.9, mean 13.5 °C (based on 10 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01905 (0.00831 - 0.04372), b=2.97 (2.77 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 93.3 [51.0, 164.4] mg/100g; Iron = 1.06 [0.61, 1.79] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [17.5, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.265 [0.164, 0.426] g/100g; Selenium = 22.5 [11.6, 44.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 11.2 [3.4, 36.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.778 [0.552, 1.131] mg/100g (wet weight);