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Barbus barbus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Barbel
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Image of Barbus barbus (Barbel)
Barbus barbus
Picture by Muséum-Aquarium de Nancy/D. Terver

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> Cypriniformes (Carps) > Cyprinidae (Minnows or carps) > Barbinae
Etymology: Barbus: Latin, barbus = barbel (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range экология

; пресноводный донно-пелагический; мигрирует в реке (Ref. 51243); пределы глубины 10 - ? m. Temperate; 10°C - 24°C (Ref. 2060); 57°N - 42°N, 5°W - 36°E

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Europe: North of the Pyrénées and Alps, from Adour (France) eastward to Neman (Lithuania, Russia) drainages, in rivers draining to Atlantic, North sea and southern Baltic Sea; Danube to Dniepr drainages in northern Black Sea basin; southeastern England north to Yorkshire. Found almost throughout Mediterranean drainages of France. Locally introduced in northern and central Italy, rivers Wear, Tees and Medway and most western drainages of England.

Size / Вес / Возраст

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 31730); common length : 30.0 cm TL самец/пол неопределен; (Ref. 556); наибольший вес (опубликованные данные): 12.0 kg (Ref. 31730); наибольший возраст (опубликованны данные): 15 годы (Ref. 59043)

Краткое описание определительные ключи | морфология | морфометрия

колючие лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 3 - 4; членистые (мягкие) лучи спинного плавника (общее число) : 7 - 9; колючие лучи анального плавника: 2 - 3; членистые (мягкие) лучи анального плавника: 5 - 6; позвонки: 46 - 47. Diagnosed from its congeners in France, Great Britain, Black, North, Baltic and Adriatic Sea basins and Apennine Peninsula by having the following characters: lower lip thick with a median swollen pad; tip of dorsal pointed; posterior margin of dorsal concave; last simple dorsal ray spinous, serrated along entire posterior edge; flexible segmented part of last simple dorsal ray about 20-24% of its length; fine dark spots (or no spots) in individuals larger than 10 cm SL; 53-63 total scales on lateral line; 12-14 scale rows between dorsal origin and lateral line; pelvic origin about below dorsal origin; scales with free posterior part pointed; scales on back with 1-5 well developed median longitudinal epithelial crests (Ref. 59043). Caudal fin with 19-20 rays (Ref. 2196).

биология     глоссарий (например epibenthic)

Inhabits from premontane to lowland reaches of clear, warm, medium sized to large rivers with fast current and gravel bottom. Occasionally found in lakes. Frequently overwinters in large group, inactive or active in slow-flowing river habitats. Adults often form shoal, hiding under overhanging trees or bridges during the day. Adults are encountered most active during dusk and dawn while larvae and juveniles are active during both day and night. Larvae and juvenile stay on the bottom in very shallow shoreline habitats and leave the shores for faster-flowing waters as they grow (Ref. 59043). Lives in the deeper, faster-flowing upper reaches of rivers with stony or gravel bottom (barbel zones). Feeds chiefly on benthic invertebrates, such as small crustaceans, insect larvae, mollusks, mayfly and midge larvae (Ref. 6258) and also on small fish and sometimes algae (Ref. 59043). Spawns usually in very shallow, fast-flowing riffles (Ref. 59043). Spawning occurs from May to July after the fish have migrated upriver (Ref. 556). Eggs are poisonous (Refs. 4537, 6258). Locally threatened due to water pollution and river regulation, especially in Baltic drainages, Elbe, South Bug and Dniepr, and heavily impacted by pollution in central Europe but recovering. Population has declined sharply due to construction of large reservoirs and pollution during 20th century and has stabilized at a moderate level since then (Ref. 59043).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | размножение | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | личинки

"Individual females spawn with several males. Males assemble at spawning grounds and follow ripe females, often with much splashing, to shallow riffles. Males may exhibit courting or sneaking tactics in spawning site. Courting males follow females to spawning site and, during the spawning act, one male swims head to head with the female. Sneaking males, waiting in the spawning site, then join the couple and try to fertilize eggs. Up to 130 males have been reported to be involved in a single spawning act. Females deposit non-sticky eggs in 2-3 portions into excavations made in the gravel" (Ref. 59043).

Основная ссылка Upload your references | ссылки | координатор | соавторы

Bianco, P.G., 1998. Diversity of Barbinae fishes in southern Europe with description of a new genus and a new species (Cyprinidae). Ital. J. Zool. 65:125-136. (Ref. 31730)

Статус Красного Списка МСОП (Ref. 130435)


CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Угроза для людей

Other (Ref. 4537)





Использование человеком

рыболовство: не имеет хозяйственного значения; аквакультура (рыбоводство): предсказание будущего; объект спортивного рыболовства: да; аквариум: коммерческий
FAO - Aquaculture systems: production; рыболовство: landings; Publication: search | FishSource |

дополнительная информация

Trophic ecology
пищевые объекты
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
хищники
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Размерный состав
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
размножение
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
личинки
динамика численности личинок
Anatomy
Gill areas
мозг
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
звуки, издаваемые рыбами
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
генетика
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
особенности рыбоводства
степень растяжения
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References
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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00912 (0.00668 - 0.01245), b=2.99 (2.94 - 3.04), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  3.1   ±0.39 se; based on food items.
устойчивость к внешним воздействиям (Ref. 120179):  низкий, минимальное время удвоения популяции 4.5-14 лет (tm=3-5).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High to very high vulnerability (70 of 100).
Категория цены (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 23.2 [13.3, 39.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.391 [0.246, 0.620] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [16.8, 18.6] %; Omega3 = 0.972 [0.401, 2.502] g/100g; Selenium = 20.4 [7.7, 54.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 33.1 [10.4, 106.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.811 [0.568, 1.154] mg/100g (wet weight);