分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies)
鱸形目 (Cichlids, convict blennies) >
Cichlidae (Cichlids)
慈鯛科魚類 (Cichlids) > Pseudocrenilabrinae
Etymology: Tilapia: Bechuana, African native thiape = fish (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Dr Anders Erikson Sparrman (1748–1820) was a Swedish explorer, collector and naturalist who explored the Cape area of South Africa (1772–1776). [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性; pH range: 7.0 - ? ; dH range: 10 - ?; 河川洄游; 深度上下限 5 - ? m (Ref. 3). 熱帶; 22°C - 25°C (Ref. 2059); 10°S - 30°S
Africa: middle Congo River basin in the Kwilu (Ref. 11970), Kwango, Kasai drainage (Ref. 11970, 55074) and Lomami (Ref. 106245); upper Congo River basin including the Lualaba, upper Lualaba, Lufira, Upemba region, Luvua, Lake Mweru, Luapula (Ref. 55074) and Bangweulu (Ref. 5163, 95585); Cunene, Okavango, Lake Ngami, Zambezi, Limpopo, northern tributaries of the Orange River (Ref. 5163, 11970), Cuvelai (Ref. 120641), upper Cuanza, Sabi, Lundi and Lake Malawi (Ref. 5163).
非洲: Shaba ， Kasai 上游， Dwango 上游， Cuanza ，庫內內河，奧塔萬戈河，那米湖，尚比西河，凌波波河， Sabi ， Lundi 上游, 橘河，馬拉威湖， Bangweulu 與 Moero 的北部支流。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 23.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 27292); 最大體重: 445.00 g (Ref. 7248)
背棘 (總數) : 13 - 15. Diagnosis: A small, deep-bodied species with a narrow head and small strong jaws (Ref. 118638). Often appearing a rich deep yellow with wide dark brown bands, and red/orange fin margins; mature adults are very dark with prominent black stripes and a patch of scarlet scales behind the head (Ref. 118638).
Found in widely diverse habitat (Ref. 3); it favors areas where plant cover exists along the edges of rivers, lakes or swamps (Ref. 3), but tends to be confined to shallow weedy areas, so it does not build up large populations in deep lakes (Ref. 118638). It is reported to be cold-confined (Ref. 118638). Adults are omnivorous, feeding on animal and plant matter (Ref. 118638), preferentially on filamentous algae, aquatic macrophytes and vegetable matter of terrestrial origin like leaves, plants, etc. (Ref. 3). Juveniles feed on small crustaceans and midge larvae (Ref. 6465). It is forage fish for bass (Ref. 7248). A substrate spawner (Ref. 52307, 118638). Male and female form pairs to rear the young (Ref. 118638). It undertakes seasonal upstream migration and breeds before and during these migrations (Ref. 13337, 52307). A relatively small species, so unlikely to play much of a role in capture fisheries, but cultured in ponds in Njombe, Tanzania, and apparently stocked into Lake Kiungululu, Tanzania, where it is not presently exploited (Ref. 118638).
出現於廣泛不同的棲息地。 喜歡植物覆蓋的區域存在沿著河，湖或沼澤的邊緣。 偏愛水淺且有遮蔽的水域與不會移殖至大湖的開放水域。 成魚先取地吃吃絲狀的藻類, 水生的大型植物與陸棲起源 (樹葉，植物, 等等。) 的植物。 (參考文獻 3) 稚魚吃小型甲殼動物與蚊仔魚。 (參考文獻 6465) 為 bass 的餌料魚.(參考文獻 7248) 進行季節性的溯溪迴游與繁殖在與之前在這些迴游的時候.(參考文獻 13337)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
A substrate spawner (Ref. 118638). Male spreads his milt over the cluster of eggs which are deposited on the bottom or even attached to the branches of aquatic weeds; parents guard the eggs; eggs and fry may be moved into the mouth to alternative sites during hatching operations but there is no evidence of actual mouth brooding (Ref. 13337).非洲: Shaba ， Kasai 上游， Dwango 上游， Cuanza ，庫內內河，奧塔萬戈河，那米湖，尚比西河，凌波波河， Sabi ， Lundi 上游, 橘河，馬拉威湖， Bangweulu 與 Moero 的北部支流。
Teugels, G.G. and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde, 1991. Tilapia. p. 482-508. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse, G.G. Teugels and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 4. (Ref. 5163)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 19 June 2018
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業; 養殖: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5078 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01445 (0.00804 - 0.02599), b=2.94 (2.79 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.7 ±0.28 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Assuming K>0.3; tm=1).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (14 of 100).
