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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Scaridae (Parrotfishes) > Scarinae
Etymology: Scarus: Greek, skaros = a fish described by anciente writers as a parrot fish; 1601 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Valenciennes.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي وابسته به آب سنگ; تغييرات عمق 1 - 25 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical; 30°N - 13°S
Indo-West Pacific: Maldives to New Ireland in Papua New Guinea, including Cocos-Keeling Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands and south to the Philippines, including Palau. This species is the terminal male of Scarus singaporensis. Possibly replaced by Scarus falcipinnis in the western Indian Ocean (Ref. 2689).
Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 9710)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 9; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 10; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 3; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 9. Scales large. Median predorsal scales 6; 3 scale rows on cheek, with 1-3 scales in ventral row. Caudal fins emarginate in initial phase to deeply concave in large terminal phase. Lips nearly covering dental plates; terminal males with 0-2 canines posteriorly on side of upper plate, none on lower. The initial phase closely resembles that of S. altipinnis (Ref. 1602). The terminal phase has the distinctive brilliant green throat and lacks the filamentous middle dorsal spine (Ref. 1602).
Found in seaward slopes and reef flats (Ref. 90102). Usually associated with outer reefs but will enter shallow water in protected areas. Often in large schools (Ref. 9710). Grazes on benthic algae (Ref. 3488). Also caught with nets and other types of artisanal gear (Ref. 2689). Minimum depth of 1 m reported from Ref. 30874.
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | تولید مثل | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | توزاد ( لارو)
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
Randall, J.E. and J.H. Choat, 1980. Two new parrotfishes of the genus Scarus from the Central and South Pacific, with further examples of sexual dichromatism. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 70:383-419. (Ref. 2689)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435)
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري; آكواريوم: تجاري
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.1 - 29.3, mean 28.7 °C (based on 2454 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00436 - 0.02401), b=3.09 (2.90 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
جهندگی (Ref.
120179): متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 30.9 [16.7, 54.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.609 [0.385, 1.020] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [16.0, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.0497 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 23.1 [12.2, 42.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 38.4 [9.5, 152.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.96 [1.39, 2.70] mg/100g (wet weight);
