分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; oceano-estuarine (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 475 m (Ref. 6793). ; 61°N - 31°N, 172°W - 116°W
Northeast Pacific: Shumagin Islands in the western Gulf of Alaska to Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. Possibly occurring in the Bering Sea (Ref. 6793).
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 70.5, range 61 - 76 cm
Max length : 152 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 2850); 最大體重: 59.1 kg (Ref. 40637); 最大年齡: 25 年 (Ref. 55701)
背棘 (總數) : 24 - 27; 背的軟條 (總數) : 21 - 24; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 21 - 24; 脊椎骨: 55 - 59. Anal spines of adults buried in flesh, third spine closely applied to first ray (Ref. 6885). Head without scales; fleshy cirrus above each eye; large mouth; maxilla reaching almost to vertical from posterior margin of eye. Jaws with small pointed teeth interspersed with large fanglike teeth (Ref. 48751).
Ranges from the intertidal to 475 m depth (Ref. 6793). Adults are found near rocks, inshore and to 427 m (Ref. 2850). Young occur on sand or mud bottom of bays and inshore areas (Ref. 2850). Both migratory and non-migratory populations exist (Ref. 6885). Adults feed mostly on other fishes but also take crustaceans, octopi and squid (Ref. 4925). Young feed on copepods and other small crustaceans (Ref. 6885). A very important sport and commercial species (Ref. 2850). The liver is rich in vitamin A (Ref. 6885). Marketed fresh and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). Has sharp teeth and gill rakers that can cut fingers if handled.
Eggs are deposited in crevices or under rocks (Ref. 6885). Male guards the eggs until they hatch.
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 4.5 - 8.6, mean 5.9 °C (based on 184 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=4; tmax=25;).
Prior r = 0.36, 95% CL = 0.24 - 0.53, Based on 2 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 25.5 [9.8, 54.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.351 [0.157, 0.792] mg/100g; Protein = 18.3 [16.1, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.589 [0.263, 1.706] g/100g; Selenium = 28.4 [14.8, 68.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.37 [2.88, 31.89] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.289 [0.192, 0.446] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
