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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sparidae (Porgies)
Etymology: Acanthopagrus: Greek, akantha = thorn + Greek, pagros, a kind of fish (Ref. 45335); berda: Name refers to the local vernacular name for the species; noun in apposition (Ref. 83673).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي; آب شيرين; لب شور نزديك كف زي; اقیانوس رو (Ref. 51243); تغييرات عمق ? - 50 m (Ref. 86942). Tropical; 30°N - 35°S, 22°E - 103°E
Indian Ocean, South Africa, Mozambique, the Red Sea, Persian Gulf, India, Phuket (Andaman Sea, specimen lost), and Malaysia (Penang Island and Langkawi Island, near Singapore). Western Pacific specimens recorded as A. berda refer to Acanthopagrus pacificus (Ref. 86288).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm 21.0, range 20 - 22 cm
Max length : 90.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 3198); common length : 35.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 5450); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 3.2 kg (Ref. 3670); بيشينه سن گزارش شده: 14 سال ها (Ref. 3627)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 11 - 12; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 10 - 13; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 3; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 8 - 9. Diagnosis: This species is distinguished from all its congeners by the following characters: scale rows between fifth dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line 3.5; front edge of dorsal scaly area on head slightly convex, with small scales (fewer than 20) anteriorly; pored lateral-line scales 42-44; second anal-fin spine (2AS) longer than third anal-fin spine (3AS), 2AS/3AS ratio 1.23-1.50 (mean 1.36); strongly curved concavity on ventral edge of first two infraorbitals above rear end of maxilla, particularly obvious in specimens more than 13 cm standard length; scales on preopercle flange absent; anal-fin membrane dark; molariform teeth strongly developed along both jaws, teeth rows strongly curved laterally at rear of lower jaw (Ref. 83673).
Common in estuaries, relatively uncommon in freshwaters (Ref. 52193). It feeds on invertebrates, including worms, mollusks, crustaceans and echinoderms (Ref. 5213), and small fish (Ref. 3670, 52193). Breeds in winter at sea (Ref. 52193). Protandrous hermaphrodite (Ref. 55367). The flesh is excellent; sold fresh in markets. It is parasitised by the monogenean Anoplodiscus australis on the fins and body surface (Ref. 124057).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | تولید مثل | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | توزاد ( لارو)
Size at sex change = 19.1 TL; age at sex change = 1.95 years (Ref. 55367).
Iwatsuki, Y. and P.C. Heemstra, 2010. Taxonomic review of the Western Indian Ocean species of the genus Acanthopagrus Peters, 1855 (Perciformes: Sparidae), with description of a new species from Oman. Copeia 2010(1):123-136. (Ref. 83673)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435)
خطر برای انسان ها
Harmless
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: تجاري; ماهي ها ي سرگرم كننده: بله
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.6 - 29, mean 27.8 °C (based on 856 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01862 (0.01372 - 0.02526), b=2.97 (2.92 - 3.02), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.42 se; based on food items.
جهندگی (Ref.
120179): متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (K=0.28-0.38; tmax=14; tm=1).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (68 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 91.7 [45.9, 162.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.944 [0.530, 1.870] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.179 [0.101, 0.330] g/100g; Selenium = 59.7 [27.6, 120.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.6 [2.3, 22.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.918 [0.599, 1.351] mg/100g (wet weight);
