Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas associadas(os) a recifes; não migratória; intervalo de profundidade 3 - 60 m (Ref. 90102). Tropical; 32°N - 23°S, 77°E - 169°E
Indo-Pacific: Ryukyu Islands to Malaysia and Indonesia to Solomon Islands, south to Australia.
Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 46.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 2334)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 13 - 14; Raios dorsais moles (total) : 18 - 23; Espinhos anais: 3; Raios anais moles: 18 - 19.
Juveniles prefer sheltered inner reefs while adults occur in areas of rich coral growth and high vertical relief of lagoon and seaward reefs. Adults semi-silty coastal to about 50 m depth, often seen in pairs (Ref. 48636). Occur solitary or mostly in pairs, are very elusive. Emits loud grunting sounds when harassed. Only the young make excellent aquarium fish (Ref. 4859).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas
Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen and R.C. Steene, 1990. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. 506 p. (Ref. 2334)
Categoria na Lista Vermelha da IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Ameaça para o homem
Harmless
Utilização humana
Pescarias: pescarias de subsistência; Aquário: Espécies comerciais
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Descarregue XML
Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.5 - 29, mean 28.1 °C (based on 764 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03802 (0.01932 - 0.07482), b=2.86 (2.69 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 2.6 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Baixo, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 4,5 - 14 anos (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 37.6 [18.5, 64.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.5 [0.3, 0.8] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [16.9, 19.4] %; Omega3 = 0.0896 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 38.1 [20.1, 73.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 53.4 [12.9, 206.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.28 [0.88, 1.84] mg/100g (wet weight);
