分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 居于水底的; 深度上下限 ? - 800 m (Ref. 100719). ; 28°N - 32°S, 30°E - 154°E (Ref. 5222)
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea, Kenya to South Africa; Oman, west coast of India, Korea, Japan including Ogasawara Islands, China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819) and northern Australia. Sometimes misidentified as Epinephelus magniscuttis or Epinephelus heniochus.
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 80.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5222); common length : 70.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5450); 最大体重: 7.0 kg (Ref. 5222)
背棘 (总数): 11; 背的软条 (总数): 14-15; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 8
Found in the continental shelf over soft bottom (Ref. 7300); associated with coral
reefs or rocky bottoms and other inshore environments of tropical seas (Ref. 97263). Nothing has been published on its biology.
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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参考文献养殖养殖信息品种遗传学Electrophoreses遗传率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00500 - 0.01450), b=2.97 (2.83 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.67 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (Fec = 448,584).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 57.3 [22.8, 132.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.802 [0.370, 1.876] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [16.0, 19.2] %; Omega3 = 0.237 [0.119, 0.459] g/100g; Selenium = 101 [45, 235] μg/100g; VitaminA = 39.4 [9.7, 160.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.08 [0.67, 1.76] mg/100g (wet weight);