You can sponsor this page

Squatina squatina (Linnaeus, 1758)

Angelshark
Ajouter votre observation dans Fish Watcher
Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Squatina squatina   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
Envoyez vos Photos et vidéos
Pictures | Images Google
Image of Squatina squatina (Angelshark)
Squatina squatina
Picture by Hernández-González, C.L.

Classification / Names Noms communs | Synonymes | Catalog of Fishes(Genre, Espèce) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Élasmobranches (requins et raies) (sharks and rays) > Squatiniformes (Angel sharks) > Squatinidae (Angel sharks)
Etymology: Squatina: Latin for skate, which angel sharks superficially resemble, presumably tautonymous with Squalus squatina Linnaeus 1758 (no species mentioned). (See ETYFish);  squatina: Latin for skate, which angel sharks superficially resemble. (See ETYFish).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Écologie

marin; saumâtre démersal; océanodrome (Ref. 51243); profondeur 5 - 150 m (Ref. 247). Temperate; 63°N - 21°N, 19°W - 42°E

Distribution Pays | Zones FAO | Écosystèmes | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

Northeast Atlantic: southern Norway, Sweden and Shetland Islands to Morocco and West Sahara, including the Canary Islands, the Mediterranean and the Black Sea (Ref. 247). Range and abundance declining 1severely throughout its range; proposed legal protection in Britain (Ref.58085). The European Council Regulations 43/2009, 23/2010, 57/2011, 44/2012, 40/2013, 43/2014, 2015/104 and 2016/72 prohibit to fish for, to retain on board, to tranship and to land the S. squatina in all waters from the European Community (F. Osaer, pers.comm. 04/2016).

Length at first maturity / Taille / Poids / Âge

Maturity: Lm 147.5, range 102 - 169 cm
Max length : 183 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 247); 244.0 cm TL (female); common length : 150 cm TL mâle / non sexé; (Ref. ); poids max. publié: 80.0 kg (Ref. 35388)

Description synthétique Clés d'identification | Morphologie | Morphométrie

Épines dorsales (Total) : 0. Broad flattened body, with enlarged pectoral and pelvic fins, no anal fin. Eyes and large spiracles dorsally. Gill openings at the sides of the head. The mouth is terminal. Coloration variable, from grey to reddish or greenish-brown with scattered small white spots and blackish dots dorsally (Ref. 78469). No ocelli on body (Ref. 247).

Biologie     Glossaire (ex. epibenthic)

A benthic species that occurs inshore, on coasts and along the continental shelf; may enter estuaries (Ref. 247, 58085). Found mainly on sand or mud bottoms; sluggish by day, lying buried with eyes protruding. Also utilizes areas with macroalgae, kelp or rocks (Ref. 88920). Nocturnal species, swims off bottom at night. Feeds mainly on flatfishes and other benthic fishes, but also on skates, crustaceans and molluscs, with one record of swallowed cormorant (Ref. 247, 28070). Moves to deeper waters during winter, returning to the shallower depths in the spring (Ref. 88187), moving northwards in summer. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449, 107715). Females generally grow larger than males (Ref. 58137, 107710, 107713, 107715). Detects weak electric fields generated by other organisms (e.g. potential prey) (Ref. 10311). The marine leech Stibarobdella macrothela is a common parasite (Ref. 107712) and the isopod Aegapheles deshaysiana a common micropredator (Ref. 107714) for this shark species in the Canary Islands. Utilized fresh and dried salted for human consumption, and possibly for oil and fishmeal (Ref. 247). Reaches 250 cm (Ref. 35388).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larves

Ovoviviparous, produce 7-25 pups/litter (Ref. 58085), 13.0 +/- 1.9 pups in the Canary Is (Ref. 107713) with litter number increasing with female size. Gestation period lasts for 8-10 months (born Dec-Feb in Mediterranean, July in England) (Ref. 58085), and +/- 6 months in the Canary Is (Ref. 107713). Size at birth ranges from 24-30 cm TL (Ref. 58085). Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Full term embryos weighed 189-200 g; no egg capsules found around ova or embryos (Ref. 107715). A biannual reproductive cycle is likely the case for this species (Ref. 32746), triannual cycle in the Canary Is (Ref. 107713).

Référence principale Upload your references | Références | Coordinateur : Compagno, Leonard J.V. | Collaborateurs

Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)

Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)

  Niveau de menace critique (CR) (A2bcd); Date assessed: 12 July 2017

CITES

Not Evaluated

Menace pour l'homme

  Traumatogenic





Utilisations par l'homme

Pêcheries: intérêt commercial mineur; pêche sportive: oui
FAO - pêcheries: landings, Résumé espèce; Publication: search | FishSource | Sea Around Us

Plus d'informations

Trophic ecology
Éléments du régime alimentaire
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Prédateurs
Ecology
Écologie
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Fréquences de longueurs
Mass conversions
Recruitments
Abundances
Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larves
Dynamique des populations larvaires
Distribution
Pays
Zones FAO
Écosystèmes
Occurrences
Introductions
BRUVS - Videos
Anatomy
Gill areas
Cerveaux
Otolithes
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Type de nage
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Sons de poissons
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
Génétique
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Profils d'aquaculture
Souches
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
Outreach
Collaborateurs
Taxonomy
Noms communs
Synonymes
Morphologie
Morphométrie
Images
References
Références

Outils

Articles particuliers

Télécharger en XML

Sources Internet

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Genre, Espèce | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - pêcheries: landings, Résumé espèce; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: génôme, nucléotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Bases de données nationales | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | Aquariums publics | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Arbre de Vie | Wikipedia: aller à, chercher | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 7.7 - 19.4, mean 11.4 °C (based on 854 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00428 - 0.01615), b=3.05 (2.88 - 3.22), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Niveau trophique (Ref. 69278):  4.1   ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
Résilience (Ref. 120179):  Faible, temps minimum de doublement de population : 4,5 à 14 années (Fec=9-20).
Prior r = 0.27, 95% CL = 0.18 - 0.41, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).
Catégorie de prix (Ref. 80766):   Medium.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 3.58 [0.60, 65.38] mg/100g; Iron = 0.23 [0.02, 2.63] mg/100g; Protein = 18.2 [16.1, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.464 [0.160, 1.307] g/100g; Selenium = 12.7 [2.6, 61.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.41 [0.58, 72.79] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.324 [0.023, 3.530] mg/100g (wet weight);