Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecología
marino; agua dulce; salobre; catadromo (Ref. 51243). Tropical
Western Indian Ocean: Inhambane, Mozambique to Transkei, South Africa; also Madagascar.
Tamaño / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL macho / no sexado; (Ref. 4393)
Short description
Claves de identificación | Morfología | Morfometría
Espinas dorsales (total) : 5; Radios blandos dorsales (total) : 8; Espinas anales: 3; Radios blandos anales: 9. Silvery in color, dusky above, sometimes with a golden opercular spot; faint stripes along scale rows; pectoral fins with an axillary spot (Ref. 4393).
Inhabit coastal waters including estuaries (Ref. 5213). Oviparous, eggs are pelagic and non-adhesive (Ref. 205).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproducción | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larva
Smith, M.M. and J.L.B. Smith, 1986. Mugilidae. p. 714-720. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4393)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesquerías: comercial
Herramientas
Special reports
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Fuentes de Internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.9 - 27.7, mean 26.6 °C (based on 78 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01514 (0.00861 - 0.02661), b=2.98 (2.83 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Nivel trófico (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
Resiliencia (Ref.
120179): Medio, población duplicada en un tiempo mínimo de 1.4-4.4 años (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (20 of 100).