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> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Paralichthodidae (Peppered flounders)
Etymology: Paralichthodes: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, ichthys = fish + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range पारिस्थितिकी

समुद्री ड़िमरसल; गहराई सीमा 1 - 100 m (Ref. 6270). Subtropical

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Western Indian Ocean and Southeast Atlantic: known only from Delagoa Bay, Mozambique to Mossel Bay, South Africa.

आकार / वज़न / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 6270)

Short description पहचान कुंजी | आकृति विज्ञान | मौरफोमैटरिक्स

पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 0; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 67 - 74; गुदा कांटा: 0; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 47 - 54; जानवरों की रीड़ का जोड़: 31. Eyed side brownish grey with small dark spots, pectoral fin with 12-13 rays; blind side white, pectoral fin with 11 rays (Ref. 6270).

Inhabits sandy and muddy bottoms (Ref. 9665).

Life cycle and mating behavior परिपक्व अवधि | पुनरुत्पत्ति | मछलीऔ का अंडे देना | अंडे | Fecundity | लार्वा

Main reference Upload your references | संदर्भ | संयोजक | सहयोगीयो

Heemstra, P.C., 1986. Pleuronectidae. p. 863-865. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smith's sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 6270)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 08 April 2021

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

मात्स्यिकी: व्यापारिक

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अधिक जानकारी

Trophic ecology
खाद्य पदार्थ
संघटक आहार
आहार खपत
Food rations
परभक्षी

Ecology
पारिस्थितिकी

Population dynamics
Growth parameters
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
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Life cycle
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Maturity/Gills rel.
Fecundity
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Human related
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इंटरनेट स्रोत

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 18.7 - 24.8, mean 22.2 °C (based on 22 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01995 (0.00906 - 0.04395), b=3.01 (2.83 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.7 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium.

Paralichthodes algoensis Gilchrist, 1902