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Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758)

Blue shark
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Native range | All suitable habitat | Point map | Year 2050
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Prionace glauca   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Classification / Names Κοινά ονόματα | Συνώνυμα | Catalog of Fishes(Γένος, Είδη) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Ελασμοβράγχιοι (καρχαρίες και σαλάχια) (sharks and rays) > Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks) > Carcharhinidae (Requiem sharks)
Etymology: Prionace: prion (Gr.), saw; akis (Gr.), point or barb, referring to serrated (saw-like) cusps on teeth of upper jaw. (See ETYFish);  glauca: Latin for bluish green or gray (i.e., sea-colored), referring to its color (blue above, whitish below). (See ETYFish).
More on author: Linnaeus.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Οικολογία

Θαλασσινό(ά); Υφάλμυρο; ωκεανόδρομο(ς) (Ref. 51243); εύρος βάθους 0 - 1082 m (Ref. 89422), usually 1 - 220 m (Ref. 55193). Subtropical; 7°C - 21°C (Ref. 244); 70°N - 55°S, 180°W - 180°E

Κατανομή Χώρες | Περιοχές FAO | Οικοσυστήματα | Παρουσίες | Point map | Εισαγωγές | Faunafri

Circumglobal in temperate and tropical waters. Western Atlantic: Newfoundland, Canada to Argentina. Central Atlantic. Eastern Atlantic: Norway to South Africa, including the Mediterranean. Indo-West Pacific: East Africa to Indonesia, Japan, Australia, New Caledonia, and New Zealand. Eastern Pacific: Gulf of Alaska to Chile. Probably the widest ranging chondrichthyian. Highly migratory species.

Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age

Maturity: Lm 199.1, range 170 - 221 cm
Max length : 400 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 35388); common length : 335 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 5217); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 205.9 kg (Ref. 40637); μεγ. αναφερόμενη ηλικία: 20 έτη (Ref. 27347)

Short description Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία

Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 0; Εδρικές άκανθες: 0. A slim, graceful blue shark with a long, conical snout, large eyes, and curved triangular upper teeth with saw edges; pectorals long and narrow; no interdorsal ridge (Ref. 5578). Dark blue dorsally, bright blue on the sides, white ventrally (Ref. 5578). Tips of pectoral fins and anal fin dusky (Ref. 9997). The first case of diprosopus tetrophthalmus (cranofacial duplication) in a foetus of this species was reported from South Atlantic (Ref. 119190).

Βιολογία     Γλωσσάρι (π.χ. epibenthic)

Oceanic, but may be found close inshore where the continental shelf is narrow (Ref. 6871, 58302). Usually found to at least 150 m (Ref. 26938). Maximum size from Ref. 128029. Reported from estuaries (Ref. 26340). Epipelagic, occasionally occurs in littoral areas (Ref. 58302). Feeds on fishes (herring, silver hake, white hake, red hake, cod, haddock, pollock, mackerel, butterfish, sea raven and flounders (Ref. 5951)), small sharks, squids, pelagic red crabs, cetacean carrion, occasional sea birds and garbage (Ref. 5578). Viviparous (Ref. 50449). Sexual dimorphism occurs in skin thickness of maturing and adult females (Ref. 49562). May travel considerable distances (one specimen tagged in New Zealand was recaptured 1,200 km off the coast of Chile) (Ref. 26346). Potentially dangerous to humans (Ref. 6871, 13513). Marketed fresh, dried or salted, and frozen; meat utilized for consumption, hides for leather and fins for soup (Ref. 9987). Sexually mature at 250 cm long and 4-5 years old. The female gives birth up to 80 young measuring 40 cm long, gestation lasts almost a year (Ref. 35388). Produces from 4 to 135 young a litter (Ref. 26938). Minimum depth from Ref. 125614.

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες

Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205). Viviparous (Ref. 26281), placental (Ref. 50449); 4-63 young in a litter (Ref. 9997); 4-135 (usually 15-30) pups (Ref.58048), about 35-44 cm at birth. Gestation period ranges from 9 to 12 months (Ref. 244). Sexual dimorphism is evident in skin thickness of maturing and adult females (Ref. 49562). Females have thicker skin layer than males of the same size (Ref. 49562).

Main reference Upload your references | Αναφορές | Συντονιστής : Compagno, Leonard J.V. | Συνεργάτες

Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 244)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Near Threatened (NT) (A2bd); Date assessed: 06 November 2018

CITES


Threat to humans

  Traumatogenic (Ref. 4690)





Human uses

αλιεία: περιορισμένης εμπορικότητας; αλιεία αναψυχής: ναί

Περισσότερες πληροφορίες

Life cycle
Αναπαραγωγή
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
Spawning aggregations
Egg(s)
Egg developments
Προνύμφες
Δυναμική προνυμφών
Anatomy
Gill areas
Εγκέφαλοι
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
Nutrients
Oxygen consumptions
Κολυμβητικός τύπος
Swimming speeds
Visual pigment(s)
Ήχοι ψαριών
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
Γενετική
Electrophoreses
Heritabilities
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Προφίλ υδατοκαλλιεργειών
Στελέχοι
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
References
Αναφορές

Εργαλεία

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Διαδικτυακές πηγές

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Γένος, Είδη | DiscoverLife | DORIS | ECOTOX | FAO - αλιεία: landings, species profile; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome, nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Εθνικές βάσεις δεδομένων | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Δέντρο Ζωής | Wikipedia: Go, αναζήτηση | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 5.9 - 25.2, mean 14.8 °C (based on 1945 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 1.0000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00371 - 0.00538), b=3.10 (3.05 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref. 69278):  4.4   ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 8.5 (7.3 - 9.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 25 growth studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref. 120179):  Χαμηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 4,5 - 14 έτη (rm=0.031; K=0.16; tm=6; tmax=20; Fec=4-135).
Prior r = 0.19, 95% CL = 0.12 - 0.28, Based on 9 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High to very high vulnerability (73 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  High vulnerability (57 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Medium.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 7.26 [1.20, 39.50] mg/100g; Iron = 0.69 [0.17, 2.12] mg/100g; Protein = 22.1 [19.8, 24.2] %; Omega3 = 0.337 [0.134, 0.841] g/100g; Selenium = 15.4 [5.5, 45.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.1 [1.9, 18.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.232 [0.129, 0.610] mg/100g (wet weight); based on nutrient studies.