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Paralichthys lethostigma Jordan & Gilbert, 1884

Southern flounder
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This map was computer-generated and has not yet been reviewed.
Paralichthys lethostigma   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Paralichthys lethostigma (Southern flounder)
Paralichthys lethostigma
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> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Paralichthyidae (Large-tooth flounders)
Etymology: Paralichthys: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, ichthys = fish + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Jordan & Gilbert.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecologie

marien; brak water demersaal; diepte 1 - 43 m (Ref. 89891). Subtropical; 37°N - 9°N, 98°W - 59°W

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Western Atlantic: Virginia to Texas in USA, northern Mexico, south to Trinidad and Tobago.

Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - 35 cm
Max length : 83.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 40637); common length : 50.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3275); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 9.3 kg (Ref. 4699); max. gerapporteerde leeftijd: 8 Jaren (Ref. 46275)

Biologie     Verklarende woordenlijst (bv. epibenthic)

A cryptic species that tolerates low salinities; occurs frequently in brackish bays and estuaries, even on occasion in fresh water (Ref. 9988). Minimum depth is at 0.7 meters (Ref. 128969). Adults are found mostly over mud bottoms in estuaries and coastal waters to about 40 m depth. Taken by anglers inshore from bridges, jetties and small boats. They move to deeper water in winter, but are still easily accessible (Ref. 9988). Adults feed chiefly on fishes, also on crabs and shrimps. Juveniles take mainly small bottom-living invertebrates. Marketed fresh and frozen; eaten steamed, fried, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988).

Levenscyclus en paargedrag Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven

Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).

Hoofdreferentie Upload your references | Referenties | Coördinator : Amaoka, Kunio | Medewerkers

Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)

Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)

  Gevoelig (NT) ; Date assessed: 12 June 2015

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Gevaar voor de mens

  Harmless





Gebruik door de mens

Visserij: commercieel; sportvis: ja
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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 23.2 - 24.9, mean 23.9 °C (based on 168 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00575 (0.00365 - 0.00908), b=3.19 (3.06 - 3.32), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref. 93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref. 69278):  3.5   ±0.48 se; based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref. 120179):  Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (K=0.21-0.23; tmax=8).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Prijsklasse (Ref. 80766):   Medium.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 59.8 [28.1, 127.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.832 [0.414, 1.467] mg/100g; Protein = 16.8 [14.4, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.177 [0.092, 0.329] g/100g; Selenium = 27.5 [13.9, 60.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.32 [1.60, 17.66] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.618 [0.423, 0.918] mg/100g (wet weight);