Teleostei (teleosts) > Siluriformes (Catfishes) > Ariidae (Sea catfishes) > Ariinae
Etymology: Netuma: A Tamil word that means "dance"
More on author: Rüppell.

Marine; brackish; freshwater; demersal; amphidromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 10 - 195 m (Ref. 12260); subtropical; 34°N - 34°S32°E - 154°E.

Indo-West Pacific: known with certainty from the Red Sea and the northwestern Indian Ocean. Also reported from Australia, Polynesia and Japan and rarely in the Mekong delta (Ref. 12693).

Maturity: L_m 36.3, range 33 - 45 cm
Max length: 185 cm TL male/unsexed (Ref. 30573); common length: 70.0 cm TL male/unsexed (Ref. 9987); max. published weight: 1.0 kg (Ref. 4883).

A marine species often found in estuaries, but rarely enters freshwater. Typically euryhaline (Ref. 3876). Reported to occasionally ascend into fresh water (Ref. 12693). Recorded at temperatures ranging from 26-29°C. Feeds mainly on crabs, prawns, mantis shrimps (Squilla species) but also on fishes and mollusks. An important food fish. Marketed mostly fresh; often dried.

Incubates eggs in the mouth. The fry continue to take refuge in the mouths of the male fish for the first 2 months and once they leave, the males start to eat avidly and may consume their ouwn young.

Rainboth, W.J. 1996 Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. FAO, Rome, 265 p. (Ref. 12693)

  Least Concern (LC); date assessed: August 14 2023

Not Evaluated

Not Evaluated

  Traumatogenic (Ref. 58010)

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Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 22.1 - 28.3, mean 26.8 °C (based on 839 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00759 (0.00654 - 0.00880), b=3.07 (3.03 - 3.11), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.5 ±0.2 se; Based on diet studies.

Generation time: 17.2 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2 growth studies.

Resilience (Ref. 120179): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (K=0.06-0.45; tm=2-4; tmax=19; Fec=34-88).

Prior r = 0.31, 95% CL = 0.20 - 0.46, Based on 4 data-limited stock assessments.

Fishing vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (48 of 100).

Climate vulnerability (Ref. 125649): High vulnerability (57 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium; Very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 26.3 [14.3, 64.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.78 [0.47, 1.40] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [16.3, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.348 [0.179, 0.692] g/100g; Selenium = 46.2 [23.4, 97.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 6.46 [2.31, 18.39] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.682 [0.451, 1.055] mg/100g (wet weight);