Teleostei (teleosts) > Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) > Caesionidae (Fusiliers) > Caesioninae
Etymology: Caesio: Latin, caesius, bluish-grey, 1835; it is the same name given to the silvery metal (Cs) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lacepède.

Marine; reef-associated; non-migratory; depth range 1 - 60 m (Ref. 30874); tropical; 34°N - 31°S30°E - 116°W (Ref. 94071).

Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Samoa, north to southern Japan, south to New Caledonia. Absent in the Arabian (Persian) Gulf.

Max length: 45.4 cm FL male/unsexed (Ref. 125599); common length: 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed (Ref. 39189); max. published weight: 1.6 kg (Ref. 125599).

Dorsal spines (total): 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 14 - 16; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 10 - 12. This species is distinguished by the following characters: postmaxillary process single; A III,12 (rarely 13); lateral line scales 57-65 (usually around 61); scale rows on spinous part of dorsal fin horizontal; supratemporal bands of scales often interrupted at dorsal midline by a scaleless zone, always a V-shaped scaleless zone anteriorly at midline intruding between the supratemporal band of scales; body colour with upper body bluish and the lower white to pale bluish; a single yellow or golden stripe directly above lateral line except on caudal peduncle where it is about 1 scale above lateral line, the yellow stripe 2 or 3 scales wide, bordered directly above and below by a white or light blue stripe which is about 1 scale wide, caudal-fin lobes with a black median streak (Ref. 68703). Description: Body moderately deep, fusiform, elongate, and moderately compressed. Ratio of eye diameter to head length usually around 3.4-4.2; D X,15 (rarely 14 or 16); pectoral fins with 20 to 22 (rarely 19); scale rows above lateral line to origin of dorsal fin 7-10 (most frequently 9); scale rows below lateral line to origin of anal fin usually 15-18; predorsal scales 20-26; dorsal and anal fins scaled; greatest body depth 2.2-3.1 in SL, head length 2.7-3.4 in SL (Ref. 68703, 90102).

Adults are found in schools in deep lagoons and along seaward reefs in coastal areas (Ref. 9710), mixing with other species of fusiliers (Ref. 48636). Juveniles are used as tuna bait fish. They are oviparous, with small pelagic eggs (Ref. 402). Maximum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797

Mating behavior is marked by six distinguishable patterns, namely: 1) nuzzling; 2) several males joining in courtship; 3) spiraling towards the surface; 4) pair spawning; 5) sperm release by sneakers; and 6) post spawning. Nuzzling is done about 1-1.5 hours before spawning. For most of the day the fish swam slowly in school. At nearly spawning time, one or two males approach a selected female and begin pecking and pushing her swollen abdomen with their snouts. Interruption happens at this stage resulting in spawners returning to the school. With less than an hour until spawning, 2-6 males may attempt to get their abdomen as close to the female's abdomen as possible. For the pair that completes this position, a spiraling ascent to the surface occurs followed by a release of both eggs and sperm while other males come in pursuit. These sneakers release sperm at the same spot where the initial pair had released their gametes. Some spawnings may occur without sneakers getting involved in the process (Ref. 37498).

Carpenter, K.E. 1987 Revision of the Indo-Pacific fish family Caesionidae (Lutjanoidea), with descriptions of five new species. Indo-Pac. Fish. (15):56 p. (Ref. 1723)

  Least Concern (LC); date assessed: February 04 2009

Not Evaluated

Not Evaluated

  Harmless

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Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 24.7 - 29, mean 28 °C (based on 814 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.502 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01514 (0.00955 - 0.02398), b=3.04 (2.91 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.4 ±0.5 se; Based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Medium; Questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this genus.

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 58.9 [38.9, 86.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.742 [0.489, 1.080] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [18, 20] %; Omega3 = 0.141 [0.098, 0.203] g/100g; Selenium = 32.6 [20.7, 55.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 102 [42, 251] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.14 [0.83, 1.52] mg/100g (wet weight);