Teleostei (teleosts) >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Engraulidae (Anchovies) > Coiliinae
Etymology: Thryssa: Greek, thrissa, -es = shad (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Dr Francis Hamilton né Buchanan (1762–1829) was an ichthyologist and botanist who qualified as a physician at Glasgow (1783) and was to have been a ship’s surgeon, but ill- health that year prevented him taking up the post. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Gray.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; freshwater; brackish; pelagic-neritic; amphidromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 10 - 13 m. Tropical; 31°N - 25°S, 52°E - 152°E
Indo-Pacific: Persian Gulf eastward to Myanmar, Andamans and Penang; Taiwan south to Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819), the northern coasts of Australia and Papua New Guinea; Sarawak; a record from the Bonin Islands; presumably the Philippines; perhaps not eastward to the Hebrides, etc.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm 16.6 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 27.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 30691); max. reported age: 4 years (Ref. 127396)
Dorsal spines (total): 0; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 32 - 39. Belly with 23 to 26 keeled scutes from isthmus to anus. Tip of snout above level of eye center, usually about level of upper rim of eye. Maxilla short or moderate; first supra-maxilla small, oval. A dark blotch behind upper part of gill opening.
Coastal pelagic (Ref. 68964). Presumably schooling, inshore and entering estuaries. More precise data needed, based on correct identifications. If this is the species being referred to in Ref. 6841, then the principal food of the young would be prawns and copepods, supplemented by polychaetes and amphipods.
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25 - 29.3, mean 28.6 °C (based on 1528 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00617 (0.00465 - 0.00817), b=3.04 (2.96 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.51 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (K=0.66-1.32; tmax=4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (16 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 239 [134, 635] mg/100g; Iron = 2.07 [1.05, 3.62] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [18.0, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.426 [0.212, 0.919] g/100g; Selenium = 41.1 [17.6, 89.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.29 [2.47, 28.51] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.89 [1.26, 2.77] mg/100g (wet weight);
![Image of Thryssa hamiltonii (Hamilton\](/images/thumbnails/jpg/tn_Thham_u3.jpg "Image of Thryssa hamiltonii (Hamilton\")
