分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Aetobatidae (Pacific eagle rays)
Etymology: Aetobatus: Greek, aetos = eagle + Greek, batis, batidos = a ray (Raja sp.) (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Narinari was a word used in Brazil in the 17th and 18th centuries and means ‘stingray’. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
Issue
Status of Aetobatus latirostris Duméril, 1861 requires further investigation. Species information (common names) should be linked to correct species (see Ref. 114963).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; 非產卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 1 - 80 m (Ref. 9710). 亞熱帶的; 36°N - 24°S, 98°W - 15°E
Western Atlantic and probably Eastern Atlantic. Indo-Pacific species refer to Aetobatus ocellatus; Eastern Pacific species refers to A. laticeps.
西大西洋: 北卡羅萊那州 (夏天) 與美國的佛羅里達與百慕達群島到巴西南部。 在墨西哥灣與加勒比海各處, 包括安地列斯群島.(參考文獻 26938) 東大西洋: 茅利塔尼亞到安哥拉.(參考文獻 4440) 印度-西太平洋: 紅海與南非至夏威夷,北至日本, 南至澳洲.(參考文獻 9862) 東太平洋: 加州灣到祕魯的波多立哥皮薩羅與加拉巴哥群島.(參考文獻 5530) 在那裡可能是有斑點 Aetobatus 的超過一個種。 (參考文獻 9862)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 107.4, range 110 - 120 cm
Max length : 230 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 114953); common length : 140 cm WD 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 114953); 最大體重: 230.0 kg (Ref. 7251)
簡短描述
檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數) : 0; 臀棘: 0. An eagleray with a long snout, flat and rounded like a duck's bill, a thick head, and a pectoral disc with sharply curved, angular corners, and no caudal fin; jaws usually with single row of flat, chevron-shaped teeth (Ref. 5578). Each tooth a crescent-shaped plate joined into a band (Ref. 26938). Numerous white spots on black or bluish disc; white below (Ref. 5578). Long whiplike tail, with a long spine near the base, behind small dorsal fin. No spines on disk (Ref. 7251).
一個鷹魟具有一個長的吻, 平坦的而且像一個鴨子的嘴，一個厚的頭部圓的, 與一個胸盤具有銳利的彎曲, 稜角 , 與沒有尾鰭; 顎通常有單列的平且鋸齒形的齒。 (參考文獻 5578) 每個牙齒一個新月形的碟結合成一箍了.(參考文獻 26938) 在黑色或藍色的體盤上的很多的白色斑點; 腹面白色的.(參考文獻 5578) 在小的背鰭後面,長的鞭狀尾部,具有一個在基底附近的長的棘。 沒有在圓盤上的棘.(參考文獻 7251)
Commonly found in coastal habitats to at least 60 m depth (Ref. 114953). Swims close to the surface, occasionally leaping out of the water, or close to the bottom (Ref. 3175). Frequently forming large schools during the non-breeding season (Ref. 7251). Feeds on polychaetes, bivalves, gastropods, cepahlopods, shrimps and small fishes (Ref. 114953). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Bears young in litters of 2-4 (Ref. 26938, 114953).
普遍地棲息於沿岸淺水區水域例如海灣，而且珊瑚礁但是可能交叉的大洋性的流域。 (參考文獻 9862) 大洋底棲性魚種, 在 1-60 公尺的土地附近發現。 (參考文獻 58302) 有時進入河口。 (參考文獻 6871) 游泳接近表面,偶然地從水中跳出來, 或接近底部.(參考文獻 3175) 時常在非繁殖季節的時候形成大群魚群。 (參考文獻 7251) 主要吃二枚貝也吃蝦，螃蟹，章魚與蠕蟲，蛾螺與小魚.(參考文獻 9862) 卵胎生的.(參考文獻 50449) 肉可食用的.(參考文獻 30573) 如果長的尾部被不損害，超過 3 公尺體盤寬度並且向上到 880 公分全長。 (參考文獻 30573) 在胎窩生產幼魚 4.(參考文獻 26938) 尾部用作.一個裝飾的項目。 (參考文獻 27550)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Bears up to 4 young (Ref. 5578, 6871, 37816). Width at birth 17-35 cm (Ref. 37816).
According to Uchida et al (1990) (Ref. 51119) 'the male chases the female in mid water, then nibbles on her dorsal surface. The female stops swimming to begin copulation. The male bites the female on a pectoral fin and bends one clasper forward, then attempts an abdomen to abdomen copulation with either clasper, usually mid-water' (Ref. 49562). Copulation lasted for 20 seconds to 1 minute (Ref. 49562).西大西洋: 北卡羅萊那州 (夏天) 與美國的佛羅里達與百慕達群島到巴西南部。 在墨西哥灣與加勒比海各處, 包括安地列斯群島.(參考文獻 26938) 東大西洋: 茅利塔尼亞到安哥拉.(參考文獻 4440) 印度-西太平洋: 紅海與南非至夏威夷,北至日本, 南至澳洲.(參考文獻 9862) 東太平洋: 加州灣到祕魯的波多立哥皮薩羅與加拉巴哥群島.(參考文獻 5530) 在那裡可能是有斑點 Aetobatus 的超過一個種。 (參考文獻 9862)
Last, P.R., W.T. White, M.R. de Carvalho, B. Séret, M.F.W. Stehmann and G.J.P. Naylor, 2016. Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing, Comstock Publishing Associates. i-ix + 1-790. (Ref. 114953)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
瀕危 (EN) (A2bd); Date assessed: 28 July 2020
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漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.3 - 29, mean 27.5 °C (based on 4014 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00244 - 0.04107), b=3.04 (2.81 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (tm=4-6; Fec=1-2).
Prior r = 0.06, 95% CL = 0.04 - 0.09, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (85 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 9.92 [1.89, 44.45] mg/100g; Iron = 0.495 [0.123, 1.361] mg/100g; Protein = 22 [17, 27] %; Omega3 = 0.253 [0.077, 0.713] g/100g; Selenium = 25.2 [7.7, 73.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.16 [2.83, 22.84] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.526 [0.255, 0.991] mg/100g (wet weight);
