分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cyprinodontiformes (Rivulines, killifishes and live bearers)
鱂形目 (Rivulines, killifishes and live bearers) >
Poeciliidae (Poeciliids)
花鱂科 (Poeciliids) > Poeciliinae
Etymology: Gambusia: Gambusia: From the Cuban term, Gambusino, which means "nothing", usually in the context of a joke or a farce. Fishing for gambusinos = when one catches nothing (Ref. 45335); affinis: affinis meaning related (Ref. 10294).
More on authors: Baird & Girard.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 底中水層性; pH range: 6.0 - 8.0; dH range: 5 - 19; 河川洄游. 亞熱帶的; 12°C - 29°C (Ref. 52055); 42°N - 26°N
North and Central America: Mississippi River basin from central Indiana and Illinois in USA south to Gulf of Mexico and Gulf Slope drainages west to Mexico. One of the species with the widest range of introductions which acquired for itself a near pan-global distribution (Ref. 1739). Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
中美洲與北美洲: 密西西比河流域從美國印地安那州中部與伊利諾州南至墨西哥灣，而且海灣斜坡流域西至墨西哥。 一個魚種具有最廣的分佈範圍為自己獲得一個接近全球的分布的引入.(參考文獻 1739) 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 5.1 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 50932); 7.0 cm TL (female); common length : 3.9 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193); 最大年齡: 3.00 年 (Ref. 796)
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 7 - 9; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 9 - 10. Origin of dorsal fin opposite 7th anal ray. Length of anal base much less than half distance from caudal. 8 horizontal scale rows between back and abdomen. Ventrals terminate immediately before anal fin. Pelvic fins reach ventrals.
在體全長的中央的背鰭起點。 生殖足長度超過頭部,在末端不彎曲了。 在背面與腹部之間的 8 水平的鱗片列。 腹面在臀鰭正前方結束。 腹鰭達到腹面。
Most abundant in lower reaches of streams (Ref. 44091). Adults inhabit standing to slow-flowing water; most common in vegetated ponds and lakes, backwaters and quiet pools of streams. Found frequently in brackish water (Ref. 5258). Pelagic and surface predatory fish (Ref. 94816). Feed on zooplankton, small insects and detritus (Ref. 5258, 10294). Used as live food for carnivorous aquarium fishes. Viviparous (Ref. 5258, 30578). Effective in mosquito control and widely introduced, but found to compete with indigenous fish and to upset the ecological balance (Ref. 6351).
最豐富在溪流下游.(參考文獻 44091) 棲息於靜止到緩慢流動的水; 常見於植物生長的池塘與湖，溪流的滯水區與靜止的水潭。 常見於半淡鹹水。 (參考文獻 5258) 吃浮游動物，小的昆蟲與碎屑。 (參考文獻 5258,10294) 對於肉食性的觀賞魚用作.活的食物。 胎生的.(參考文獻 5258,30578) 在控制蚊子方面有效而且廣泛地引入, 但是發現以本地的魚競爭而且顛覆生態平衡.(參考文獻 6351)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
The species is viviparous (Ref. 5258). Internal fertilization is possible because the anal fin of the male is modified into a copulatory organ. The females carries about 30 alevins and gestation lasts for a period of 24 days (Ref. 6348) to a month (Ref. 30578).中美洲與北美洲: 密西西比河流域從美國印地安那州中部與伊利諾州南至墨西哥灣，而且海灣斜坡流域西至墨西哥。 一個魚種具有最廣的分佈範圍為自己獲得一個接近全球的分布的引入.(參考文獻 1739) 引入後的一些國家報告不利的生態衝擊。
Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 22 January 2019
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00689 - 0.01051), b=3.13 (3.07 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.1 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=1.20; tmax=3; Fec=10-60).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
