分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 0 - 50 m (Ref. 96339). 亞熱帶的; 43°N - 35°S, 116°W - 31°W
Western Atlantic: Maine, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Uruguay; throughout most of the West Indies (Ref. 3277). Absent from the Bahamas (Ref. 26938). Eastern Pacific: Baja California, Mexico to Ecuador (Ref. 9283). Two subspecies exists (Ref. 3277): Oligoplites saurus saurus (western Atlantic population) and Oligoplites saurus inornatus (eastern Pacific population).
西大西洋: 美國緬因州與墨西哥灣北部到烏拉圭; 在大部分的西印度群島各處.(參考文獻 3277) 巴哈馬沒有出現。 (參考文獻 26938) 東太平洋: 墨西哥的下加利福尼亞到厄瓜多.(參考文獻 9283) 二個亞種存在:(參考文獻 3277) 革鰺〔Oligoplites saurus〕 saurus(大西洋西部族群) 與 革鰺〔Oligoplites saurus〕 inornatus(東太平洋族群).
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 35.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); common length : 27.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大體重: 287.00 g (Ref. 3277)
背棘 (總數) : 5 - 6; 背的軟條 (總數) : 19 - 21; 臀棘: 2 - 3; 臀鰭軟條: 18 - 21. Body elongate and strongly compressed (depth from 3.5 to 4.4 times in standard length); posterior end of upper jaw reaching posterior rim of eye; upper jaw teeth small and villiform; lower branch of first gill arch with 14 to 18 gill rakers; scales small but visible, needle-shaped, embedded in the skin; back blue green; flanks and belly silvery to white, sometimes with yellow or golden highlights; pectoral and caudal fins yellowish (Ref. 55763); Dorsal fin has 5 nearly separate spines.
鱗片針狀的而且插入皮膚。 背鰭幾乎有 5 個別的棘。
Adults are found inshore, usually along sandy beaches, in bays and inlets. They enter estuaries and fresh water, preferring turbid water. They occur in schools, usually large and fast moving, often leaping out of the water. Juveniles may float at the surface with tail bent and head down. Adults feed on fishes and crustaceans. The dorsal and anal spines are connected to venomous glands that can inflict painful wounds (Ref. 9283). Venom glands were not visible however, and cannot be confirmed in the specimen according to Smith and Wheeler, 2006 (Ref. 57406). Current information for this species as being dangerous need verification. Juveniles have incisor-like outer teeth and serve as cleaners for other fish; as fish grow, their teeth become conical and their diet changes (Ref. 26938). Marketed fresh and salted or dried but the flesh is not highly esteemed (Ref. 9283).
發現於岸邊了, 通常沿著沙灘, 在灣內中.(參考文獻 9283) 進入河口與淡水。 (參考文獻 9283) 偏愛混濁的水。 (參考文獻 9283) 成群出現, 通常大與快速的移動, 時常從水中跳出來.(參考文獻 9283) 稚魚可能飄浮在水表面尾部彎曲，而且頭部墬落。 吃魚與甲殼動物。 (參考文獻 9283) 它的背鰭與臀鰭棘被連接到能施放令人痛苦的創傷的有毒的腺。 (參考文獻 9283) 稚魚有像門牙一樣的外部齒而且對於其他的魚當作清潔工使用; 當魚生長, 他們的齒變成錐形，而且他們的食性改變.(參考文獻 26938) 在市場上銷售新鮮而鹽醃或者乾燥的但是肉不是深受喜愛的.(參考文獻 9283)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西大西洋: 美國緬因州與墨西哥灣北部到烏拉圭; 在大部分的西印度群島各處.(參考文獻 3277) 巴哈馬沒有出現。 (參考文獻 26938) 東太平洋: 墨西哥的下加利福尼亞到厄瓜多.(參考文獻 9283) 二個亞種存在:(參考文獻 3277) 革鰺〔Oligoplites saurus〕 saurus(大西洋西部族群) 與 革鰺〔Oligoplites saurus〕 inornatus(東太平洋族群).
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1995. Carangidae. Jureles, pámpanos, cojinúas, zapateros, cocineros, casabes, macarelas, chicharros, jorobados, medregales, pez pilota. p. 940-986. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9283)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 07 September 2018
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的; 誘餌: occasionally
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.8 - 28, mean 25.5 °C (based on 554 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00708 (0.00525 - 0.00955), b=2.88 (2.82 - 2.94), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 43.3 [17.4, 91.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.907 [0.475, 1.732] mg/100g; Protein = 20.7 [19.6, 21.8] %; Omega3 = 0.275 [0.157, 0.475] g/100g; Selenium = 13.3 [6.0, 26.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 63.6 [18.5, 220.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.738 [0.467, 1.117] mg/100g (wet weight);
