分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 底中水層性; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 100 - 975 m (Ref. 9302), usually 200 - 400 m (Ref. 6181). 亞熱帶的; 55°N - 43°S, 180°W - 180°E (Ref. 6181)
Circumtropical and temperate seas of the world.
廣泛地分佈於熱帶與世界的溫帶海洋中。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 300 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5951); common length : 150 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 6181); 最大體重: 63.5 kg (Ref. 4699)
背棘 (總數) : 13 - 15; 背的軟條 (總數) : 15 - 18; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 15 - 18; 脊椎骨: 32. Skin very rough, scales interspersed with spinous bony tubercles. Mid-ventral (abdominal) keel on the ventral contour. Body is uniformly brown to dark brown, tips of the pectoral and pelvic fins black, margins of the second dorsal and anal fins white in young specimens.
皮膚非常粗糙的, 鱗片點綴著刺狀的多骨小瘤了。 腹面中央 (腹部的) 在腹的輪廓上的龍骨脊。 身體是全身褐色的到深褐色的, 胸鰭與腹鰭黑色的頂端 , 第二個背鰭與臀鰭白色的邊緣當幼魚時標本。
Usually over the continental shelf, sometimes in oceanic waters down to 800 m (Ref. 9302). Usually solitary or in pairs near the bottom (Ref. 6181). Migrates far offshore (Ref. 26139). Pelagic (Ref. 5951). Feeds on fish, crustaceans and squid (Ref. 6181). The peculiar wooden 'palu' or Ruvettus hook is used to catch this species in south central Pacific (Ref. 6181). The flesh is very oily, with purgative properties, if eaten much (Ref. 6181). Marketed fresh and as fish cakes in Japan (Ref. 9302); also processed into fishmeal (Ref. 5217). Maximum length reported to reach up to 2 m only (Heemstra, pers. comm. 03/03).
通常在大陸棚上面, 有時在大洋性水域中向下至 800 公尺.(參考文獻 9302) 通常獨居性的或成對在底部的附近.(參考文獻 6181) 迴游遠離至外海.(參考文獻 26139) 大洋性.(參考文獻 5951) 捕食魚類, 甲殼動物與烏賊.(參考文獻 6181) 特殊的木製 'palu' 或 Ruvettus 鉤在太平洋中南部被用來捕捉這種。 (參考文獻 6181) 肉是非常多油的﹐有瀉劑特性, 如果多吃.(參考文獻 6181) 在市場上銷售生鮮地.與當在日本的魚肉炸餅;(參考文獻 9302) 也加工成魚粉。 (參考文獻 5217) 最大的長度對 2 公尺改正 (Heemstra ， pers. comm。 03/03).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
廣泛地分佈於熱帶與世界的溫帶海洋中。
Nakamura, I. and N.V. Parin, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 15. Snake mackerels and cutlassfishes of the world (families Gempylidae and Trichiuridae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the snake mackerels, snoeks, escolars, gemfishes, sackfishes, domine, oilfish, cutlassfishes,. scabbardfishes, hairtails, and frostfishes known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(15):136 p. (Ref. 6181)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 22 August 2012
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.6 - 19, mean 12.9 °C (based on 603 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00347 (0.00190 - 0.00632), b=3.10 (2.93 - 3.27), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.57 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Assuming tm>4).
Prior r = 0.28, 95% CL = 0.19 - 0.42, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 17.3 [7.8, 32.2] mg/100g; Iron = 0.573 [0.271, 1.108] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [15.5, 19.7] %; Omega3 = 0.202 [0.110, 0.353] g/100g; Selenium = 81.8 [36.6, 171.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.3 [3.2, 36.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.411 [0.288, 0.611] mg/100g (wet weight);
