分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水 底中水层性; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 4 m. 溫帶; 4°C - 25°C (Ref. 2060); 34°S - 37°S
Oceania: Once widely distributed in the Murray-Darling basin and southeastern coastal drainages. Now reduced to cooler upper reaches of Murray-Darling basin, New South Wales, Australia. Introduced in the Wannon, Barwon, Yarra Rivers (Victoria) and the Nepean and Shoalhaven Rivers (New South Wales), Australia.
大洋洲: 一次廣泛分佈於 Murray-Darling 流域與東南方的海岸流域。 現在縮小成 Murray-Darling 流域，澳洲新南威爾斯的較冷的上游。 在 Wannon ， Barwon, Yarra 河 (維多利亞) 與尼匹恩與 Shoalhaven 河 (新南威爾斯) ，澳洲中引入。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - 30 cm
Max length : 46.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 44894); common length : 23.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5259); 最大体重: 3.5 kg (Ref. 2906)
简单描述
检索表 | 型态特徵 | 形态测量图
背棘 (总数) : 8 - 12; 背的软条 (总数) : 12 - 15; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 8 - 11; 脊椎骨: 28 - 31.
Occurs in lakes and flowing streams usually in deep holes with rock or gravel substrates (Ref. 5259). Inhabits cool, clear water of rivers, lakes and reservoirs. Prefers slow-flowing, deep rocky pools. Solitary, swimming near the bottom or in mid-water, but form small shoals during the spawning season (October to December) (Ref. 44894). Forms large shoals near shore. Fry feeds on zooplankton; adult on aquatic insects, crustaceans and mollusks. Male matures at 20 cm (2 y), female at 30 cm (3 y). Spawns upstream in spring or early summer; eggs hatch in 13-18 days; larvae of 7 cm TL (Ref. 5259). Moves into areas just upstream of shallow riffles over gravel or rocky bottoms to spawn. The female releases demersal eggs which sink into cracks in the substrate. Fish in reservoirs move into flowing feeder streams to spawn. Sexual maturity is reached after 2 years (20 centimeters) for males, 3 years (30 centimeters) for females (Ref. 44894). Tolerates temp. down to 9°C (Ref. 7276). Infected by nematodes and copepod Lernaea cyprinacea (Ref. 7315).
出现于湖，而且流动的溪流通常在深潭有岩石或砾石底部.(参考文献 5259) 栖息于冷的, 河，湖与水库的清澈水域。 偏爱缓慢流动的, 深的岩石水池。 独居性, 在底部巡游或在中层水域中, 但是在产卵季节的时候形成小鱼群.(十月到十二月) (参考文献 44894). 形成大群鱼群近岸。 鱼苗吃浮游动物; 成鱼捕食水生昆虫，甲壳动物与软件动物。 雄性在 20 公分 (2 y) 时成熟, 雌性在 30 公分 (3 y). 在春天或初夏向上游产卵; 卵在 13-18 天中孵化; 7 公分TL 的仔魚.(參考文獻 5259) 他們在礫石上的水淺急流正好向上游移進區域中，否則岩石底部產卵。 母魚釋放在底部中進入裂縫之內下沉的沉性卵。 在水庫的魚移進中流動的捕食者溪流到產卵。 性成熟在 2 年 (20個公分) 之後被達成雄魚, 母魚的 3 年 (30個公分).(參考文獻 44894) 容忍溫度向下至 9 °C.(參考文獻 7276) 感染了線蟲類與橈腳類的動物 Lernaea cyprinacea 。 (參考文獻 7315)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Return to same river or lake site to spawn each year. Sexually segregated schools (uniform size & age-bet. 4-10 y) migrate upstream: female groups some days or weeks in advance. Most abundant in lakes fed by suitable shallow streams with rock or gravel substrates. Male nudges female vent region; eggs released, fertilized. Eggs turn transparent, increase to 4.0 mm diameter, are spherical, adhesive and demersal and are swept downstream lodging in boulders and pebbles. Hatching in 10-18 days (11-18°C). Larvae shelter in boulders.大洋洲: 一次廣泛分佈於 Murray-Darling 流域與東南方的海岸流域。 現在縮小成 Murray-Darling 流域，澳洲新南威爾斯的較冷的上游。 在 Wannon ， Barwon, Yarra 河 (維多利亞) 與尼匹恩與 Shoalhaven 河 (新南威爾斯) ，澳洲中引入。
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
濒危 (EN) (A2ce; B2ab(ii,iii,iv)); Date assessed: 11 February 2019
人类利用
Can't connect to MySQL database (fbapp). Errorcode: Too many connections
