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Gymnosarda unicolor (Rüppell, 1836)

Dogtooth tuna
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Gymnosarda unicolor   AquaMaps   Data sources: GBIF OBIS
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Image of Gymnosarda unicolor (Dogtooth tuna)
Gymnosarda unicolor
Picture by Patzner, R.

Classification / Names Κοινά ονόματα | Συνώνυμα | Catalog of Fishes(Γένος, Είδη) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Scombriformes (Mackerels) > Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Gymnosarda: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, sarde = sardine; 1598 (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Rüppell.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Οικολογία

Θαλασσινό(ά) Υφαλόφιλο(α); ωκεανόδρομο(ς) (Ref. 51243); εύρος βάθους 0 - 250 m (Ref. 86942). Tropical; 20°C - 28°C (Ref. 5313); 31°N - 30°S, 32°E - 130°W (Ref. 168)

Κατανομή Χώρες | Περιοχές FAO | Οικοσυστήματα | Παρουσίες | Point map | Εισαγωγές | Faunafri

Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to French Polynesia, north to Japan, south to Australia.

Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age

Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 248 cm FL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 40637); common length : 190 cm NG αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 9710); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 131.0 kg (Ref. 168)

Short description Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία

Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 13 - 15; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 12 - 14; Εδρικές άκανθες: 0; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 12 - 13; Σπόνδυλοι: 38. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body elongate and moderately compressed; mouth fairly large, upper jaw reaching to middle of eye; 14 to 31 large, conical teeth on upper jaw, 10 to 24 on lower jaw; 2 patches of villiform teeth on upper surface of tongue; total gill rakers on first gill arch 11-14; D1 XIII-XV, its border almost straight, the second followed by 6-7 finlets, dorsal fins close together; anal fin followed by 6 finlets; pectoral fins with 25-28 rays; interpelvic process large and single; lateral line strongly undulating; body naked posterior to corselet except for lateral line, dorsal-fin base, and caudal keel; caudal peduncle slender, with a well-developed lateral keel between 2 smaller keels on each side. Colour of back and upper sides brilliant blue-black, lower sides and belly silvery; no lines, spots or other markings on body; anterior tip of first dorsal fin dark; other fins greyish (Ref. 9684).

Βιολογία     Γλωσσάρι (π.χ. epibenthic)

An offshore species found mainly around coral reefs. Generally solitary or occur in small schools of six or less. Preys on small schooling fishes such as Decapterus, Caesio, Nasio, Cirrhilabrus, Pterocaesio and squids. Caught mainly by pole-and-line. Marketed canned and frozen (Ref. 9684, 48637). Adults may be ciguatoxic (Ref. 37816). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 128797.

Life cycle and mating behavior Γεννητική Ωρίμανση | Αναπαραγωγή | Γεννοβολία | Αβγά | Γονιμότητα | Προνύμφες

Main reference Upload your references | Αναφορές | Συντονιστής : Collette, Bruce B. | Συνεργάτες

Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 March 2022

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 168)





Human uses

αλιεία: περιορισμένης εμπορικότητας; αλιεία αναψυχής: ναί
FAO - αλιεία: landings; Publication: search | FishSource | Η θάλασσα γύρω μας

Περισσότερες πληροφορίες

Trophic ecology
Τροφικά αντικείμενα
Σύσταση δίαιτας
Κατανάλωση τροφής
Food rations
Θηρευτές
Population dynamics
Παράμετροι Αύξησης
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversion
Στρατολόγηση
Αφθονία
Life cycle
Αναπαραγωγή
Γεννητική Ωρίμανση
Maturity/Gills rel.
Γονιμότητα
Γεννοβολία
Spawning aggregations
Αβγά
Egg development
Προνύμφες
Δυναμική προνυμφών
Anatomy
Επιφάνεια βραγχίων
Brain
Otolith
Physiology
Body composition
Nutrients
Κατανάλωση οξυγόνου
Κολυμβητικός τύπος
Ταχύτητα κολύμβησης
Visual pigments
Fish sound
Diseases & Parasites
Toxicity (LC50s)
Genetics
Γενετική
Heterozygosity
Κληρονομικότητα
Human related
Aquaculture systems
Προφίλ υδατοκαλλιεργειών
Στελέχοι
Ciguatera cases
Stamps, coins, misc.
References
Αναφορές

Εργαλεία

Special reports

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Διαδικτυακές πηγές

AFORO (otoliths) | Aquatic Commons | BHL | Cloffa | BOLDSystems | Websites from users | Check FishWatcher | CISTI | Catalog of Fishes: Γένος, Είδη | DiscoverLife | ECOTOX | FAO - αλιεία: landings; Publication: search | Faunafri | Fishipedia | Fishtrace | GenBank: genome, nucleotide | GloBI | Google Books | Google Scholar | Google | IGFA World Record | MitoFish | Εθνικές βάσεις δεδομένων | Otolith Atlas of Taiwan Fishes | PubMed | Reef Life Survey | Socotra Atlas | Δέντρο Ζωής | Wikipedia: Go, αναζήτηση | World Records Freshwater Fishing | Zoological Record

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 20.9 - 28.2, mean 26.5 °C (based on 938 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 1.0000   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00661 - 0.01818), b=3.06 (2.92 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref. 69278):  4.5   ±0.75 se; based on food items.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref. 120179):  Χαμηλό, ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 4,5 - 14 έτη (Assuming tmax>10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref. 125649):  Very high vulnerability (92 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   High.
Nutrients (Ref. 124155):  Calcium = 11.6 [6.8, 20.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.539 [0.311, 0.982] mg/100g; Protein = 21.8 [20.2, 23.1] %; Omega3 = 0.136 [0.084, 0.225] g/100g; Selenium = 69.1 [38.3, 127.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 51.6 [19.1, 151.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.543 [0.384, 0.760] mg/100g (wet weight);