分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Scombriformes (Mackerels)
鱸形目 (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos)
鯖科 (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Orcynopsis: Greek, orkynos, -ou = a kind of tunna + Greek, opsis = similar to (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 4 - ? m (Ref. 122150). 亞熱帶的; 60°N - 13°S, 18°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Oslo, Norway south to Dakar, Senegal but the range is centered in the southern Mediterranean Sea. Not known from Madeira, the Canary Islands or Cape Verde.
東大西洋: 奧斯陸, 挪威南至達喀爾, 塞內加爾但是範圍在地中海南部被集中。 已知不來自馬得拉群島，加納利群島或維德角。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 75.0, range 70 - 80 cm
Max length : 130 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 168); common length : 90.0 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 168); 最大體重: 13.1 kg (Ref. 168)
背棘 (總數) : 12 - 14; 背的軟條 (總數) : 12 - 15; 臀鰭軟條: 14 - 16. Mouth rather large, upper jaw reaching to hind margin of eye. Laminae of olfactory rosette 25 to 28. Interpelvic process small and bifid. Body naked behind the well developed corselet. Swim bladder absent. Vertebrae 17 or 18 precaudal plus 19 to 21 caudal, total 37 to 39. Anterior three quarters of first dorsal fin black.
嘴相當大, 上頜延伸到眼的後緣。 嗅覺毛簇的葉片 25 到 28. 腹鰭間的突起小而兩裂的。 身體裸露的在後發展良好的甲胄。 泳鰾不存在。 脊椎骨 17 或 18 尾前椎加上 19 到 21 尾部的, 總計 37 到 39. 前面的第一背鰭黑色中的四分之三。
Adults are neritic, confined primarily to temperate waters, but juveniles may be encountered in waters of up to 30°C. Form small schools at the surface so that the first dorsal fin stands out of the water like that of sharks, also frequently associated with birds. Feed on small fishes, especially sardines, anchovies, jacks, mackerel, bogue and others. Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6769). Marketed canned or frozen.
淺海的種主要侷限於溫帶的水域了，但是稚魚在向上到的水域 30個 ° C. 可能見到 形成小群魚群在水表面，所以第一背鰭豎立在水外面像鯊魚一樣, 也時常伴隨著鳥。 吃小魚, 尤其沙丁魚，鯷魚，鰺科魚類，鯖, 沼澤與其它。 在市場上銷售罐裝的或冷凍的。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
A female weighing 5 or 6 kg may carry some 500 to 600,000 eggs which are spawned in portions.東大西洋: 奧斯陸, 挪威南至達喀爾, 塞內加爾但是範圍在地中海南部被集中。 已知不來自馬得拉群島，加納利群島或維德角。
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 March 2022
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12.5 - 23.5, mean 16.3 °C (based on 264 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00955 (0.00460 - 0.01984), b=3.06 (2.89 - 3.23), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.80 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Assuming tm<=4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (87 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 33 [17, 60] mg/100g; Iron = 1.32 [0.80, 2.24] mg/100g; Protein = 22.1 [21.0, 23.2] %; Omega3 = 0.458 [0.296, 0.716] g/100g; Selenium = 31.6 [18.4, 54.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.5 [4.3, 39.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.53 [0.39, 0.75] mg/100g (wet weight);
