Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; oceanodromus (Ref. 51243); kisaran kedalaman 0 - 30 m (Ref. 6531). Subtropical; 66°N - 22°S, 98°W - 36°E
Arctic (Ref. 43202). North Atlantic. Eastern Atlantic: Iceland, Norway and Denmark (rarely), along British Isles into Baltic Sea and throughout the Mediterranean, Adriatic and Aegean seas to Morocco. Western Atlantic: Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada to North Carolina, USA and Bermuda (Ref. 7251). Highly migratory species.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm 26.5, range 25 - ? cm
Max length : 50.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 7251); common length : 32.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 3397)
Oceanic, schooling and gregarious. Occasionally shoals close to shore in large numbers (Ref. 9987). Feeds on zooplankton and fish larvae (Ref. 9987); food also includes fish eggs and small fishes (Ref. 5951). Preyed upon by fish, including tunas, marlin bluefish and cod (Ref. 9987); also pollock, dolphins and porpoises (Ref. 5951). It is an under-exploited fish in many parts of its range and suitable for canning and other inexpensive uses (Ref. 9987). Often leap of the water when chased by enemies (Ref. 35388).
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205). Presence of asynchronous oocyte development in the ovaries (Ref. 109439).
Wisner, R.L., 1990. Scomberesocidae. p. 598-603. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6531)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil; umpan: occasionally
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 6.5 - 22, mean 14.4 °C (based on 7800 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6562 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00214 (0.00102 - 0.00448), b=3.10 (2.91 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Assusming tm=2-4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (24 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 173 [62, 370] mg/100g; Iron = 1.55 [0.80, 3.76] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [15.9, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.332 [0.154, 0.936] g/100g; Selenium = 22.7 [10.7, 47.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.3 [5.3, 58.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.71 [0.48, 1.07] mg/100g (wet weight);
