Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ökologie
seewasser riff-verbunden; tiefenbereich 1 - 60 m (Ref. 58047). Subtropical
Western Atlantic: Bermuda, southern Florida (USA) and the Bahamas to northern South America, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean (Ref. 3255). Eastern Atlantic: Cape Verde and from Senegal to Gabon; including St. Paul's Rocks (Ref. 13121) and the islands of Bay of Biafra (Ref. 4450). Also southern Atlantic islands (Ref. 26938).
Size / Gewicht / Alter
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 100.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 4450); common length : 60.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 5217); max. veröff. Gewicht: 1.3 kg (Ref. 40637)
With arched jaws that touch only at their tips when mouth is closed (Ref. 26938).
A benthic and solitary species (Ref. 26340) common on shallow reefs and along rocky shores. Caught incidentally and consumed fresh or salted in some localities (Ref. 3255).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fecundity | Larven
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: kleinfischerei
Tools
Zusatzinformationen
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Internet Quellen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.7 - 28.8, mean 27.5 °C (based on 1018 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5002 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00049 (0.00024 - 0.00099), b=3.26 (3.10 - 3.42), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.8 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): niedrig, Verdopplung der Population dauert 4,5 - 14 Jahre. (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 18 [9, 34] mg/100g; Iron = 0.493 [0.271, 0.927] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.1, 21.8] %; Omega3 = 0.155 [0.066, 0.436] g/100g; Selenium = 21.7 [10.5, 46.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 53.8 [15.0, 188.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.566 [0.372, 0.856] mg/100g (wet weight);
