分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Galaxiiformes (Southern smelts)
胡瓜魚目 (Southern smelts) >
Galaxiidae (Galaxiids)
南乳魚科 (Galaxiids) > Galaxiinae
Etymology: Galaxias: Greek, galaxias, ou = a kind of fish (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Castelnau.
Issue
The high level of genetic divergence between most of the populations in South Africa suggests that it may represent a species complex rather than a single species (Ref. 32965, 93589). There is an urgent need for detailed morphological diagnostic studies, and the determination of the ecological requirements and conservation status of each of the cryptic forms of this species (Ref. 93589).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性. 亞熱帶的; 18°C - 24°C (Ref. 12468); 30°S - 34°S
Africa: endemic to South Africa, occurs in Cape coastal streams and rivers from the Krom and upper Gamtoos River systems (south coast) to the Clanwilliam Olifants system (west coast)(Ref. 32965, 52193, 93589, 93786).
非洲: 岬海岸的溪流與河川從 Keurbooms(南部海岸) 到克蘭威廉象河系統 (西岸) ，南非。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 3.9, range 4 - 4 cm
Max length : 7.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 52193)
簡短描述
檢索表 | 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數) : 0; 背的軟條 (總數) : 9 - 13; 臀棘: 0; 臀鰭軟條: 9 - 14; 脊椎骨: 36 - 42. Diagnosis: body slender and cylindrical, without scales; dorsal fin placed far back over anal fin; caudal fin truncated; mouth terminal, jaws with teeth; large eyes; internal organs visible in live specimens (Ref. 52193). Loss of two laterosensory pores beneath the lower jaw; elongate caudal peduncle (Ref. 93822).
Facultative air-breathing in the genus (Ref. 126274); May penetrate some distance inland and is widespread in lakes and rivers (Ref. 3563), which may be either acid (pH 5-6,5) or alkaline (pH 8-9) (Ref. 93592, 93822). Prefers gentle currents within shelter of banks near the head of pools (Ref. 3563, 52193). Small but extremely hardy, they are known to tolerate a wide range of water and temperature conditions (Ref. 5214, 6164, 52193, 93591, 93592). Feeds on small drifting invertebrates (Ref. 7248, 52193). Spawning period occurs in spring up to middle of summer (Ref. 5214, 33843, 52193), depending on the conditions (Ref. 52193). Ripe eggs are demersal, relatively large and numbering about 30-40 (Ref. 93592). Their small size and cryptic color enable them to avoid predators (Ref. 52193).
大部分出現在海岸而低地的區域在內陸但是可能貫透一些距離; 在湖與河中廣泛分佈。 (參考文獻 3563) 偏愛在頭水池附近的淺堆的溫和庇護所裡面的水流。 小的但是非常強韌, 他們被知道容忍寬範圍的水與溫度環境。 他們的體型小與善於隱藏的顏色使他們能夠避開掠食者。 捕食小的漂流無脊椎動物。 (參考文獻 7248) 產卵時期出現於春天中夏天的向上到中央。 (參考文獻 33843)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Breeding occurs in spring or summer depending on local conditions (Ref. 52193). Galaxias zebratus does not migrate to the sea for breeding purposes (Ref. 41543, 93592).非洲: 岬海岸的溪流與河川從 Keurbooms(南部海岸) 到克蘭威廉象河系統 (西岸) ，南非。
Skelton, P.H., 2001. A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of southern Africa. Cape Town (South Africa): Struik Publishers, 395 p. (Ref. 52193)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人類使用
漁業: 沒有興趣; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00490 (0.00206 - 0.01165), b=3.12 (2.91 - 3.33), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Fec<50).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).
