Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) Υφαλόφιλο(α); εύρος βάθους 3 - 50 m (Ref. 9626). Subtropical; 34°N - 12°S, 99°W - 32°W
Western Atlantic: Bermuda, southeastern Florida (USA), and the Bahamas to Brazil.
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm 19.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 33.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 7251); common length : 25.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 3798); μεγ. δημοσιευμένο βάρος: 550.00 g (Ref. 5217)
Ραχιαίες άκανθες (συνολικά) : 12; Μαλακές ραχιαίες ακτίνες (συνολικά) : 15 - 17; Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 8. Broad black area above line from dorsal fin origin to tip of lower caudal fin lobe, including upper part of caudal peduncle and both lobes of tail. Striking colored species, with a silvery body, black back and tail (Ref. 26938). With narrow yellow stripes, the broadest mid-lateral (Ref. 13442).
Inhabits clear inshore and offshore reefs (Ref. 9710) and adjacent grass beds, often in schools (Ref. 3798). Feeds on crustaceans (Ref. 3798). Marketed fresh (Ref. 3798).
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30303)
Human uses
αλιεία: περιορισμένης εμπορικότητας; Ενυδρείο: Δημόσια ενυδρεία
Εργαλεία
Special reports
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.7 - 28, mean 26.8 °C (based on 288 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01738 (0.01034 - 0.02920), b=3.00 (2.86 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 2.2 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (K=0.3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (33 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 27.5 [13.0, 65.9] mg/100g; Iron = 0.614 [0.299, 1.244] mg/100g; Protein = 19 [17, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.139 [0.061, 0.282] g/100g; Selenium = 16.7 [7.3, 36.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 28.4 [6.3, 119.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.918 [0.551, 1.493] mg/100g (wet weight);
