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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Haemulidae (Grunts) > Haemulinae
Etymology: Haemulon: Greek, haimaleos = bloody (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Charles Plumier (1646–1704) was a Franciscan monk, botanist and naturalist. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
بوم شناسي
دريايي وابسته به آب سنگ; تغييرات عمق 3 - 40 m (Ref. 9626). Subtropical; 39°N - 23°S, 99°W - 30°W
Western Atlantic: Chesapeake Bay, through the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean southward to Brazil. Including Antilles (Ref. 26938).
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / سن
Maturity: Lm 18.3, range 11 - 23.23 cm
Max length : 53.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 40637); common length : 30.0 cm TL جنس نر / بدون خواص جنسي; (Ref. 3798); بيشينه وزن گزارش شده: 4.4 kg (Ref. 4699)
خارهاي باله پشتي (کل) : 12; شعاع نرم باله پشتي (کل) : 17; خارهاي باله مخرجي: 3; شعاع نرم باله مخرجي: 9. Side of head has narrow blue stripes; scales above lateral line much larger than those below (Ref. 26938). Scale rows just below lateral line oblique; color variable but usually light yellowish (Ref. 13442).
Found in dense aggregations during the day on patch reefs, around coral formations, or on sandy bottoms (Ref. 9710). Juveniles common in Thalassia testudinum beds (Ref. 5217). Feeds on crustaceans, small mollusks, and small fishes. Frequently exhibits a territorial 'kissing' display in which two contenders push each other on the lips with their mouths wide open (Ref. 9710). Marketed fresh. Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35420).
Life cycle and mating behavior
بلوغ | تولید مثل | تخم ریزی | تخم ها | Fecundity | توزاد ( لارو)
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
Courtenay, W.R. and H.F. Sahlman, 1978. Pomadasyidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Western Central Atlantic (Fishing Area 31), Volume 4. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3798)
وضعيت در فهرست قرمز IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
خطر برای انسان ها
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30303)
استفاده انسانی
ماهي گيري – شيلات: ارزش تحاري اندك; ماهي ها ي سرگرم كننده: بله; آكواريوم: آکواریوم عمومی
ابزارها
گزارش های ويژه
بارگيری XML
منابع اينترنتي
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.4 - 28, mean 25.9 °C (based on 342 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01413 (0.01172 - 0.01703), b=2.99 (2.95 - 3.03), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.5 (3.1 - 7.0) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 11
growth studies.
جهندگی (Ref.
120179): متوسط, كمينه زمان لازم براي دو برابر شدن جمعيت 4/1 – 4/4 سال (K=0.16-0.35; tm=2; tmax=13; Fec=64,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (62 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 18.3 [6.7, 44.4] mg/100g; Iron = 0.473 [0.231, 0.908] mg/100g; Protein = 20 [18, 22] %; Omega3 = 0.187 [0.092, 0.339] g/100g; Selenium = 14.4 [6.7, 29.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 57.2 [19.6, 171.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.754 [0.474, 1.170] mg/100g (wet weight);
