分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Bairdiella: From Spencer Fullerton Baird (1823-1887) American naturalist and vertebrate zoologist leading authority in birds and mammals (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 16 - 40 m (Ref. 3702). 熱帶; 23°N - 29°S, 97°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Caribbean Sea southward to Brazil.
西大西洋: 加勒比海向南至巴西。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 15.8 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 41.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 131022); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3702); 最大體重: 714.00 g (Ref. 131022)
背棘 (總數) : 11; 背的軟條 (總數) : 21 - 26; 臀棘: 2; 臀鰭軟條: 7 - 9. Colour greyish above, silvery below. Faint dark streaks on sides, oblique above, longitudinal below lateral line. Dorsal and caudal fins greyish with dark margin, anterior part of anal fin speckled. Mouth subterminal and oblique. Chin without barbel but with 5 pores. Preopercle serrated with few strong pines at angle. Second anal-fin spine very strong, as long as first soft ray. Gas bladder with 2 chambers, the anterior one yoke-shaped without appendages, the posterior one simple, carrot-shaped. Lapillus (small earstone) enlarged, more than half of sagitta (large earstone) (Ref 51721).
顏色略灰色的上方, 下面銀色的。 在側邊上的模糊的深色條紋, 斜角之上, 縱向的在側線下。 背鰭與尾鰭鰭略灰色的具有深色邊，臀鰭的前部小的斑點。 嘴接近端位的且斜。 沒有觸鬚的下巴但是有 5個孔。 鋸齒狀的前鰓蓋骨有些強的松樹在突出部位上。 第二臀鰭-鰭的棘非常強的, 長達第一個軟的鰭條。 氣鰾有兩個腔室, 一個前面的軛-形狀的沒有附肢，後面那個單一的, 胡蘿蔔-形狀的。 微石 (小的 earstone) 增大了, 超過一半的矢耳石 (大的 earstone)(參考文獻 51721).
Found in coastal waters, over muddy and sandy bottoms. Feeds on fishes and crustaceans. Oviparous (Ref. 205). Important food fish.
發現於沿岸水域了, 在泥濘多沙的底部之上。 吃魚與甲殼動物。 卵生的.(參考文獻 205) 重要的食用魚。
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
西大西洋: 加勒比海向南至巴西。
Chao, L.N., 1978. Sciaenidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Volume 4. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3702)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 04 February 2019
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.4 - 28, mean 27.4 °C (based on 72 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5312 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00704 - 0.01078), b=3.10 (3.04 - 3.16), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Fec = 188,964).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 168 [99, 321] mg/100g; Iron = 1.12 [0.60, 1.93] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [18.0, 20.2] %; Omega3 = 0.235 [0.126, 0.390] g/100g; Selenium = 46.5 [25.7, 87.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 19.5 [7.8, 52.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.39 [1.02, 1.97] mg/100g (wet weight);
