Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien demersaal; diepte ? - 35 m (Ref. 26912). Subtropical; 28°N - 4°N, 98°W - 51°W
Western Atlantic: eastern Florida (USA), throughout the Antilles and along the Caribbean coast from the Bay of Campeche (Mexico) to Guianas.
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 26.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3702); common length : 22.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3702)
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 11; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 21 - 24; Anale stekels: 2; Anale zachte stralen: 7 - 8. Colour grey or greyish blue on back, silvery below. Sides with faint streaks, oblique above and longitudinal below lateral line. Fins pale, yellowish, dusted with dark spots. A faint dark spot at pectoral-fin origin. Mouth moderate in size, slightly oblique, terminal. Preopercular margin thin, nearly smooth. Anal fin second spine moderately strong, less than 2/3 the length of first soft ray. Gas bladder with 2 chambers; anterior one yoke-shaped, without appendages on posterior margin, posterior one carrot-shaped. Lapillus (small earstone) enlarged, more than half the size of sagitta (Ref 51721).
Common over muddy and sandy bottoms in inshore waters. Juveniles are also found in rocky areas. Feeds mainly on shrimps. Seldom marketed as a food fish; mostly used as bait (Ref. 3702).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van minder commercieel belang; aas: usually
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Internetbronnen
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 27 - 28.3, mean 27.6 °C (based on 377 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00413 - 0.01752), b=3.08 (2.91 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.59 se; based on food items.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Hoog, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd minder dan 15 maanden (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (16 of 100).
