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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Ctenosciaena: Greek, kteis, ktenos = comb + Greek, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री ड़िमरसल; गहराई सीमा 10 - 130 m (Ref. 9626), usually 10 - 80 m (Ref. 3702). Tropical; 13°N - 34°S, 77°W - 38°W
Western Atlantic: Nicaragua along the Caribbean coast and Atlantic coasts of South America to southern Brazil.
आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 21.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 9626); common length : 16.0 cm TL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 3702); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 77.20 g (Ref. 118626)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 11; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण) : 21 - 24; गुदा कांटा: 2; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 7 - 8. Body silvery, grey on back and white on belly. Inside of opercle lining black, appearing as a dark triangular blotch externally. Base of pectoral fin and axil with a dark spot. Upper half of spinous dorsal fin dusky. Other fins pale. Mouth moderately large, slightly inferior. Tip of chin with a pointed flexible barbel. Gas bladder carrot-shaped, without appendages. Sagitta (large earstone) thick and ovoid, lapillus (small earstone) rudimentary (Ref 51721).
Inhabits coastal waters, usually over sandy mud bottoms (Ref. 3702). Feeds mainly on shrimps (Ref. 3702). Important food fish.
Life cycle and mating behavior
परिपक्व अवधि | पुनरुत्पत्ति | मछलीऔ का अंडे देना | अंडे | Fecundity | लार्वा
Cervigón, F., 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p. (Ref. 9626)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
मात्स्यिकी: लघु वाणिज्य; ठहराव / प्रलोभन: usually
साधन
Special reports
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इंटरनेट स्रोत
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20.1 - 27.8, mean 26.1 °C (based on 290 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00851 (0.00776 - 0.00934), b=3.08 (3.06 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 3.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
लौटाव (Ref.
120179): माध्यम, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी होने का समय 1.4 - 4.4 वर्ष। (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 175 [98, 350] mg/100g; Iron = 1.08 [0.56, 1.97] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.5, 19.9] %; Omega3 = 0.267 [0.136, 0.465] g/100g; Selenium = 49.7 [24.9, 98.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 37.7 [12.5, 133.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.28 [0.89, 1.87] mg/100g (wet weight);
