分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria)
鱸形目 (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
石首魚科 (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Cynoscion: Greek, kyon = dog + Greek, odous = teeth + Greek, skion, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Vaillant & Bocourt.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 1 - 70 m (Ref. 9626), usually 18 - 55 m (Ref. 9626). 亞熱帶的; 18°N - 52°S, 83°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Panama and the Greater Antilles to Argentina. Including Lesser Antilles (Ref. 26938). Also reported in Nicaragua (Ref. 13613).
西大西洋: 巴拿馬與大安地列斯群島到阿根廷。 包括小安地列斯群島。 (參考文獻 26938) 也在尼加拉瓜報告。 (參考文獻 13613)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 25.1, range 15 - ? cm
Max length : 56.9 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 125970); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3702); 最大体重: 2.2 kg (Ref. 125970)
背棘 (总数) : 11; 背的软条 (总数) : 23 - 27; 臀棘: 2; 臀鳍软条: 9. Colour greyish above, silvery below. Without conspicuous spots, but with faint dark streaks along scale rows above lateral line. Pectoral-fin bases and upper rays slightly dark, pelvic and anal fins often yellowish, dorsal and caudal fins dusky with darker margin. Inside opercle darkish visible externally. Mouth large, oblique, lower jaw slightly projecting. Upper jaw with a pair of large canine-like teeth at tip. Chin without barbel or pores, snout with only 2 marginal pores. Gas bladder with a pair of horn-like anterior appendages. Sagitta (large earstone) moderately broad and thick, Lapillus (small earstone rudimentary. Scales large. Soft portion of dorsal-fin base covered with small scales up to 1/2 of fin height (Ref 51721).
颜色略灰色的上方, 下面银色的。 没有显着的斑点, 但是有模糊的深色条纹沿着鳞片列在侧联机面。 胸鳍基底与上面的鳍条些微黑, 腹鳍与臀鳍时常淡黄色的, 背鳍与尾鳍鳍暗色的具有深色边缘。 在鳃盖里微暗的看得见的外部地。 嘴大的, 斜的, 下颌些微突出。 在顶端上颌有一对大的像犬齿一样的齿。 没有触须或者孔的下巴,只吻部有 2个边缘的孔。 气鳔有一对像触角一样的前肢。 矢耳石 (大的 earstone) 一般宽而厚的, 微石 (小的 earstone 不发达的。 鳞片大的。 背鳍基底的柔软部位覆盖着鳍高度 (参考文献 51721) 的小鳞片向上到 1/2了。
Found over sand or mud bottoms from the coastline to about 60 m depth (Ref. 3702); rarely in waters with a depth of less than 18 m (Ref. 9626). Juveniles inhabit river estuaries (Ref. 3702). Oviparous, with high fecundity (Ref. 54358). Feed on fishes and crustaceans like crabs and shrimps (Ref. 35237). Important food fish (Ref. 3702).
发现在沙或泥底部上从海岸线到大约 60 公尺深;(参考文献 3702) 极少在水域深度少于 18 公尺。 (参考文献 9626) 稚鱼栖息于河口。 (参考文献 3702) 卵生的, 有高的孕卵数。 (参考文献 54358) 捕食鱼与甲壳动物如螃蟹与虾。 (参考文献 35237) 重要的食用鱼.(参考文献 3702)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
西大西洋: 巴拿馬與大安地列斯群島到阿根廷。 包括小安地列斯群島。 (參考文獻 26938) 也在尼加拉瓜報告。 (參考文獻 13613)
Cervigón, F., 1993. Los peces marinos de Venezuela. Volume 2. Fundación Científica Los Roques, Caracas,Venezuela. 497 p. (Ref. 9626)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的
工具
特别资料
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网络资源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 11.3 - 27.9, mean 22.4 °C (based on 376 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00741 (0.00614 - 0.00894), b=3.07 (3.05 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (Fec = 47,000).
Prior r = 1.00, 95% CL = 0.66 - 1.50, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 79.3 [45.0, 151.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.987 [0.527, 1.687] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [17.7, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.365 [0.220, 0.573] g/100g; Selenium = 25.1 [13.5, 47.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 10.6 [3.9, 33.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.788 [0.575, 1.138] mg/100g (wet weight);
