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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Sciaenidae (Drums or croakers)
Etymology: Cynoscion: Greek, kyon = dog + Greek, odous = teeth + Greek, skion, skiaina = barbel, red mullet (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien; brak water demersaal; diepte ? - 30 m (Ref. 3702). Tropical; 15°N - 29°S, 78°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Venezuela to Santos, Brazil.
Lengte bij maturiteit / Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm 32.1 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 92.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3702); 78.0 cm TL (female); common length : 50.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 3702); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 3.0 kg (Ref. 5217)
Dorsale stekels (totaal) : 11; Dorsale zachte stralen (totaal) : 22 - 25; Anale stekels: 2; Anale zachte stralen: 8 - 10. Silvery greenish to greyish on back, whitish on belly. Tip of dorsal fin darkish. Upper rays of pectoral fins, anterior part of anal fin and caudal fin yellowish. Mouth large, oblique, lower jaw projecting. Upper jaw with a pair of large canine-like teeth at tip. Gradually increasing in size posteriorly. Chin without barbel or pore, snout with 2 marginal pores. Gas bladder with a pair of long and straight horn-like appendages. Scales very small, all cycloid (smooth) with 140 or more transverse scales above lateral line. Soft portion of dorsal fin covered with scales beyond basal half of fin (Ref 51721).
Usually found over mud and sandy bottoms in river estuaries and in marine areas from the coastline to about 30 m depth. Marketed mostly fresh.
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturiteit | Voortplanting | Paaien | Eieren | Fecunditeit | Larven
Chao, L.N., 1978. Sciaenidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Volume 4. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3702)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: commercieel
Tools
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.1 - 28, mean 27.5 °C (based on 306 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00724 (0.00481 - 0.01091), b=3.07 (2.95 - 3.19), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.7 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 7.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): laag, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 4,5-14 jaar (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (57 of 100).
