Classification / Names Κοινά ονόματα | Συνώνυμα | Catalog of Fishes(Γένος, Είδη) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

> Gymnotiformes (Knifefishes) > Sternopygidae (Glass knifefishes)
Etymology: Sternopygus: Greek, sternon = sternon, + Greek, pyge = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Bloch & Schneider.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Οικολογία

; Γλυκού νερού βενθοπελαγικό; pH range: 6.0 - 6.5; dH range: 4 - 15. Tropical; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 2059)

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South America: Magdalena River basin; entire extent of the Amazon and Orinoco River basins below approximately 500 m elevation including Napo River of western Ecuador and Madre de Dios River of Peru; all drainages of the Guianas Shield; Atlantic drainages of northeastern Brazil (Tocantins, Parnaíba, Pindaré, Itapicuru, and Salgado rivers); São Francisco River basin; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Paraguay-Paraná River basin.

Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age

Maturity: L_m 25.0, range 20 - 30 cm
Max length : 141 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 39524)

Short description Κλείδες προσδιορισμού | Μορφολογία | Μορφομετρία

Μαλακές εδρικές ακτίνες: 195 - 300.

Occurs in swamps, creeks, and river with lentic waters. Preys on small invertebrates, particularly the larvae of aquatic insects (Ref. 12225). Breeds before the start of the rainy season (Ref. 10645) or during the rainy season, with a fecundity count of 6473 eggs (Ref. 10643). Males persistently defend their territory and apparently make electric signals (by increased electric organ discharge (EOD) rates and interruptions thereof) to females passing by to draw in a spawning partner (Ref. 10605). Mature females' EODs are of higher frequencies than mature males (Ref. 10645). Plasma androgens modulate the EOD frequency during the breeding season (Ref. 10767). Embryos hatch on day 4; larvae begin to feed on day 11. The electric organ and electroreceptors are both present in the larva at the time of first exogenous feeding (Ref. 10605). Seems to reach sexual maturity at 1 year of age, based on breeding experiments (Ref. 10011).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες

Eggs of 3 mm diameter are deposited among plants. Larvae hatch after 4 days and start feeding after 11 days.

Main reference Upload your references | Αναφορές | Συντονιστής : Albert, James S. | Συνεργάτες

Ortega, H. and R.P. Vari, 1986. Annotated checklist of the freshwater fishes of Peru. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. (437):1-25. (Ref. 6329)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 03 December 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά); Ενυδρείο: Εμπορικό(ά)

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Διαδικτυακές πηγές

Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00302 (0.00193 - 0.00471), b=2.82 (2.69 - 2.95), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).

Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref. 69278): 3.2 ±0.40 se; based on food items.

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Very high vulnerability (84 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Unknown.

Sternopygus macrurus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)