分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Characiformes (Characins)
脂鯉目 (Characins) >
Anostomidae (Headstanders)
小口脂鯉科 (Headstanders)
Etymology: Leporinus: Latin, lepus, leporis = rabbit (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: Jurriaan François de Friderici (1751–1812) was Governor General of Suriname (1792– 1801); initially under Dutch rule, but he was allowed to retain his position when the British conquered Suriname (1799). [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Bloch.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
; 淡水 底中水層性; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243). 亞熱帶的; 23°C - 26°C (Ref. 2060)
South America: Suriname and Amazon River basin (Ref. 36801). Reported from Argentina (Ref. 9086).
南美洲: 蘇利南與亞馬遜河流域.(參考文獻 36801) 記錄來自阿根廷了。 (參考文獻 9086)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 18.1 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 27188); 最大體重: 1.5 kg (Ref. 27188); 最大體重: 1.5 kg
背的軟條 (總數) : 12; 臀鰭軟條: 11. Scales in lateral line 35 + circumpeduncular 16; profile over orbits flat; teeth in the upper jaw 4 + 4, the cutting edges about transverse to axis of fish; three lateral spots or blotches still distinct: the first and largest below rayed dorsal fin, the small second spot less distinct and found above anterior base of anal fin, the third at caudal base.
在側線 35+ circumpeduncular 16 中的鱗片; 在眼窩上的輪廓平坦的; 在上頜 4+4 中的齒, 刃口大約橫跨的對魚的軸; 三個側面的斑點或斑塊仍然明顯的: 第一個與大的在有鰭條的背鰭之下, 小的第二個斑點比較不明顯而且在尾部的基底發現上方前面的臀鰭基底鰭 , 第三個。
Adults occur in ponds (Ref. 11229). Very active during the rainy season, they gain the flooded zones where they are captured with nets. In dry season, they are confined to the deepest parts of the river where they are captured with fishing rods. Feed primarily on fruits, seeds and termites. The food is crushed by four strong teeth on each half-jaw. (Ref. 27188). Males are sexually mature at 1 yr, while females are mature at 2 years. Distinct pairs breed on densely grown weedy places (Ref. 205). Reproduction takes place from November to June, with a peak from December to March but mature individuals can be found year round. Females spawn around 100,000 to 200,000 eggs (Ref. 12225). The females grow slightly faster than the males; however this difference is clearly perceptible only after 4 years of age. Its excellent flesh makes it ideal for consumption in spite of its numerous bones (Ref. 27188).
出現於池塘。 (參考文獻 11229) 非常活躍的在雨季的時候，它得到被水淹沒的區域在那裡它被用網捕獲。 在乾季時，它被侷限於河的最深部份在那裡它被用釣魚的竿捕獲。 主要吃果實，種子與白蟻。 食物四點之前被粉碎強的牙齒在每個半頜。 (參考文獻 27188). 雄性在 1 yr 性成熟, ，雌性是在 2 年時成熟。 繁殖發生從十一月到六月, 具有一個高峰從十二月到三月但是成熟的個體被發現於全年度。 雌性產卵大約 100,000 到 200,000個卵。 (參考文獻 12225) 雌性比雄性更快速地長的稍微; 然而這不同只有在 4 歲之後清楚可察覺。 它的優良肉儘管它的很多硬骨使它適於食用。 (參考文獻 27188)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Pairing is distinct during copulation (Ref. 205).南美洲: 蘇利南與亞馬遜河流域.(參考文獻 36801) 記錄來自阿根廷了。 (參考文獻 9086)
Garavello, J.C. and H.A. Britski, 2003. Anostomidae (Headstanders). p. 71-84. In R.E. Reis, S.O. Kullander and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. (eds.) Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS, Brasil. (Ref. 36801)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 19 June 2020
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 養殖: 實驗的
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01175 (0.01005 - 0.01373), b=3.06 (3.02 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.47 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.29; tm=1-2; Fec=100,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (38 of 100).
