ইলাসমোব্রাঙ্কি (হাঙ্গর এবং রে) (sharks and rays) >
Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) >
Gymnuridae (Butterfly rays)
Etymology: Gymnura: Greek, gymnos = naked + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bleeker.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
বাস্তুসংস্থান
সামুদ্রিক রীফ সংশ্লিষ্ট; গভীরতার পরিসীমা 28 - 37 m (Ref. 9918). Tropical
Eastern Indian Ocean and Western Central Pacific: India to Indonesia, including Singapore and Thailand.
Length at first maturity / আকৃতি / ওজন / Age
Maturity: Lm 47.6, range 47 - ? cm
Max length : 106 cm WD পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 58048); common length : 20.0 cm WD পুরুষ/ লিঙ্গ অনিধর্ারিত ; (Ref. 27550)
Demersal inshore, in shallow depths to at least 37 m (Ref.58048). Also found offshore (Ref. 9918). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Smallest individual was 27 cm WD. Caught often by demersal trawl, trammel and gillnet fisheries, and occasionally using tangle nets. Utilized for its meat, but of limited value due to its typically small size (Ref.58048).
Life cycle and mating behavior
পরিপক্কতা | প্রজনন | ডিম ছাড়া | ডিমসমূহ | ডিম্বধারন ক্ষমতা | শুককীট
Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449). Distinct pairing with embrace (Ref. 205).
Compagno, L.J.V., 1999. Checklist of living elasmobranchs. p. 471-498. In W.C. Hamlett (ed.) Sharks, skates, and rays: the biology of elasmobranch fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Maryland. (Ref. 35766)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-2)
Human uses
মৎস্য: বাণিজ্যিক
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ইন্টারনেট সুত্র
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 27.2 - 28.8, mean 28.2 °C (based on 91 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00776 (0.00351 - 0.01718), b=3.09 (2.89 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
ট্রফিক পর্যায়ে (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
স্থিতিস্থাপক (Ref.
120179): অত্যন্ত কম , সর্বনিম্ন প্রজন দ্বিগুনের সময় ১৪ বৎসর (Fec assumed to be <10).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100).
