Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
ນິເວດວິທະຍາ
ສັດທະເລ ກ່ຽວກັບ (ຢູ່)ເທິງຊັ້ນພື້ນດິນໃນທະເລເປີດ; ລະດັບຄວາມເລິກ 25 - 80 m (Ref. 11230). Temperate; 39°N - 18°N, 105°E - 135°E
Northwest Pacific: southern Japan and East China Sea. Reported from Hong Kong (Ref. 33067).
ຂະໜາດ / ນ້ຳໜັກ / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 43.5 cm SL ຕົວຜູ້/ບໍ່ມີເພດ; (Ref. 52186); ນ້ຳໜັກສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍຈັດພີມມາ: 1.5 kg (Ref. 52186); ອາຍຸສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄຍລາຍງານມາ: 4 ປີ (Ref. 52186)
Found near shore, including semi-enclosed sea areas, in mud to sandy mud bottom (Ref. 11230). Used in Chinese medicine (Ref. 12166).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | ການສືບພັນ | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | ຕົວອ່ອນ
Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino, 1984. The fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Vol. 1. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, Japan. 437 p. (text). (Ref. 559)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
ການປະມົງ: ເປັນສີນຄ້າ
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ແຫຼ່ງອີນເຕີເນັດ
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 16.8 - 24.7, mean 23.5 °C (based on 46 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5010 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00623 - 0.01681), b=3.07 (2.93 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
ຊັ້ນເຂດຮ້ອນ (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.7 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 4.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
ຄວາມຢືດຢຸ່ນ (Ref.
120179): ຂະໜາດກາງ, ປະຊາກອນຕຳ່ສຸດທີ່ໃຊ້ເວລາສອງເທົ່າ 1.4 - 4.4 ປີ (tmax=4; k=0.26 (?)).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 33.4 [17.5, 69.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.315 [0.149, 0.588] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [17.5, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.603 [0.290, 1.145] g/100g; Selenium = 14.9 [6.8, 31.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 16.9 [4.2, 71.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.529 [0.363, 0.798] mg/100g (wet weight);