Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas; estuarina demersal; oceanódromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 0 - 200 m (Ref. 30573). Tropical; 35°N - 36°S
Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and east coast of Africa (south to Algoa Bay and perhaps to Knysna, South Africa) to Fiji, north to southern Japan, south to the northern coast of Australia.
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm 16.5, range 16 - 17 cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 6804); common length : 30.0 cm SL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 9774)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 0; Raios dorsais (total) : 71 - 84; Espinhos anais: 0; Raios anais : 53 - 62; Vértebras: 36. Some pairs of moderately large canines in anterior part of both jaws, 6 to 13 lateral teeth in lower jaw, stronger and more widely spaced than those of upper jaw. Gill rakers pointed, longer than broad. Soft ray count of pectoral fin refers to that on ocular side (Ref 9774).
Found in shallow waters and estuaries, on mud and sand bottoms, to depths of 200 m (Ref. 30573). Juveniles common in brackish water (Ref. 9774). Feeds on benthic animals (Ref. 5213). Mainly sold fresh (Ref. 9774).
Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento
Maturidade | Reprodução | Desova | Ovos | Fecundidade | Larvas
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).
Desoutter, M., 1986. Bothidae. p. 428-429. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels; MRAC, Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6804)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: espécies comerciais; peixe esportivo: sim
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Baixar XML
Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.4 - 28.5, mean 27 °C (based on 1365 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00589 (0.00476 - 0.00728), b=3.16 (3.11 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.7 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.9 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (K=0.16; tmax=7).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 105 [47, 197] mg/100g; Iron = 0.9 [0.5, 1.7] mg/100g; Protein = 16.9 [14.8, 18.9] %; Omega3 = 0.154 [0.076, 0.302] g/100g; Selenium = 62.3 [26.9, 142.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 25.3 [6.7, 101.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.9 [0.6, 1.4] mg/100g (wet weight);
