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Élasmobranches (requins et raies) (sharks and rays) > Myliobatiformes (Stingrays) > Rhinopteridae (Cownose rays)
Etymology: Rhinoptera: Greek, rhinos = nose + Greek,pteron = fin, wing (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Evermann & Jenkins.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Écologie

marin récifal; océanodrome (Ref. 51243); profondeur 0 - 65 m (Ref. 117244), usually 0 - 25 m. Tropical; 32°N - 5°S, 117°W - 76°W

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Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Costa Rica and the Galapagos Islands. Probably occurring elsewhere.

Length at first maturity / Taille / Poids / Âge

Maturity: L_m 71.0, range 65 - ? cm
Max length : 91.6 cm WD mâle / non sexé; (Ref. 116975)

Adults are found over soft bottoms, near rocky or coral reefs; also near reef drop-offs (Ref. 12951). They occasionally swim near the surface and may jump out of the water. Often in schools, sometimes associated with Aetobatus narinari, the spotted eagle ray (Ref. 12951). Adults feed on benthic crustaceans and mollusks. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larves

Exhibit ovoviparity (aplacental viviparity), with embryos feeding initially on yolk, then receiving additional nourishment from the mother by indirect absorption of uterine fluid enriched with mucus, fat or protein through specialised structures (Ref. 50449).

Référence principale Upload your references | Références | Coordinateur | Collaborateurs

McEachran, J.D. and G. Notarbartolo di Sciara, 1995. Rhinopteridae. Gavilanes. p. 782-783. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para los Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9263)

Statut dans la liste rouge de l'IUCN (Ref. 130435)

Quasi-menacé (NT) (A2d); Date assessed: 08 February 2019

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Menace pour l'homme

Harmless

Utilisations par l'homme

Pêcheries: sans intérêt; Aquarium: Aquariums publics

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 19.7 - 29.1, mean 24.2 °C (based on 266 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01148 (0.00463 - 0.02844), b=2.98 (2.76 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Niveau trophique (Ref. 69278): 3.6 ±0.50 se; based on food items.

Generation time: 4.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.

Résilience (Ref. 120179): Très faible, temps minimum de doublement de population supérieur à 14 ans (k = 0.25; tmax = 10.75; tm = 3.92; Fec = 1).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100).

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 7.27 [0.83, 109.36] mg/100g; Iron = 0.396 [0.033, 4.161] mg/100g; Protein = 20.6 [15.3, 25.9] %; Omega3 = 0.0736 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 29 [6, 147] μg/100g; VitaminA = 30.9 [2.6, 334.1] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.769 [0.049, 8.696] mg/100g (wet weight);

Rhinoptera steindachneri Evermann & Jenkins, 1891