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Carangiformes (Jacks) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Trachurus: Greek, trachys, -eia, -ys = rough + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas; oceanódromo (Ref. 51243); intervalo de profundidade 0 - 1050 m (Ref. 54256), usually 100 - 200 m (Ref. 54256). Subtropical; 67°N - 38°S, 26°W - 42°E
Eastern Atlantic: from Madeira, the Straits of Gibraltar and Canary and Cape Verde Islands to South Africa; northward extending into the Mediterranean Sea and along the Atlantic coasts of Europe to Norway.
Comprimento de primeira maturação / Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm 22.9, range 21 - 30 cm
Max length : 70.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 3197); common length : 22.0 cm FL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 3397); peso máx. publicado: 2.0 kg (Ref. 27584)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 9; Raios dorsais (total) : 30 - 36; Espinhos anais: 3; Raios anais : 24 - 32. Bluish green, grey or black above, silvery white below; opercle with black spot (Ref. 3197). Lateral scales tall and keeled. Gill cover with a distinct black spot. First dorsal fin tall (Ref. 35388).
Adults form large schools in coastal areas with sandy substrate. They feed on fish, crustaceans, and cephalopods. Are batch spawners (Ref. 51846). Females lay 140,000 eggs, which hatch into 5mm long larvae (Ref. 35388). Eggs are pelagic (Ref. 4233). Utilized fresh, smoked, canned and frozen; can be fried, broiled and baked (Ref. 9988). Divided into two stocks: West stock and North Sea stock. West stock spawns in a belt from the Biscay to Ireland in early spring, migrates north and eastwards to southern Norway and northern North Sea. North Sea stock spawns in the southern North Sea in summer, migrates to central North Sea, Skagerrak and Kattegat.
Smith-Vaniz, W.F., 1986. Carangidae. p. 815-844. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 2. (Ref. 4233)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Ameaça para os humanos
Harmless
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: altamente comercial; peixe esportivo: sim; isca: usually
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 10.6 - 16.6, mean 13.3 °C (based on 165 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00813 (0.00745 - 0.00887), b=2.96 (2.94 - 2.98), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.5 (5.1 - 7.6) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 25
growth studies.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): médio(a), tempo mínimo de duplicação da população 1,4 - 4,4 anos (K=0.12-0.16; tm=2-4; tmax=11; Fec=70,000).
Prior r = 0.39, 95% CL = 0.26 - 0.58, Based on 13 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (56 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 184 [129, 263] mg/100g; Iron = 3.67 [2.45, 5.60] mg/100g; Protein = 19.4 [18.8, 20.0] %; Omega3 = 0.355 [0.260, 0.479] g/100g; Selenium = 33.4 [24.6, 45.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 13.5 [4.0, 54.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.66 [1.34, 2.16] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
