分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Cichliformes (Cichlids, convict blennies)
鱸形目 (Cichlids, convict blennies) >
Cichlidae (Cichlids)
麗魚科 (Cichlids) > Pseudocrenilabrinae
Etymology: Sarotherodon: Greek, saros, -ou = sawdust + Greek, ther = animal * Greek, odous = teeth (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 5 - ? m (Ref. 28714). 亚热带的; 22°C - 28°C (Ref. 2059); 35°N - 15°S
Africa and Eurasia: Jordan system, especially in lakes; coastal rivers of Israel; Nile system, including the delta lakes and Lake Albert and Turkana; in West Africa in the Senegal, Gambia, Casamance, Géba, Konkouré, Sassandra, Bandama, Comoé, Niger, Volta, Tano, Lake Bosumtwi, Mono, Ouémé, Ogun, Cross, Benue, Logone, Shari and Lake Chad; Draa (Morocco), Adrar (Mauritania); Saharian oases Borku, Ennedi and Tibesti in northern Chad; Sanaga and Nyong basins in Cameroon (Ref. 4999). In the Congo basin, Sarotherodon galilaeus boulengeri is known from the lower and middle Congo River from Matadi to Pool Malebo (=Stanley Pool) and the lower Kasai (Ref. 2) and Lukenie (Ref. 55074) while Sarotherodon galilaeus galilaeus is present in the middle Congo River basin, in the middle Congo River and drainages of the Ubangi, Uele (Ref. 2, 55074), Itimbiri (Ref. 2, 55074, 106290), Aruwimi (Ref. 106290) and Lomami (Ref. 106245). Sarotherodon galilaeus is also reported from the Luilaka River (Ruki drainage, middle Congo River basin) (Ref. 93897). Five subspecies are recognized: Sarotherodon galilaeus borkuanus, Sarotherodon galilaeus boulengeri, Sarotherodon galilaeus galilaeus, Sarotherodon galilaeus multifasciatus, Sarotherodon galilaeus sanagaensis.
非洲与欧亚大陆: Jordan 系统, 尤其在湖中; 以色列的沿海的河川; 尼罗河系统, 包括三角州湖与湖艾伯特湖与 Turkana; Jebel 玛拉, 查德流域 w/Shari 河; 中央的刚果河流域， Ubanghi 与伟莱河河，湖 Kotto ，尼日， Ogun ，佛塔河， Corubal ，甘比亚，卡萨芒斯与塞内加尔河， Draa(摩洛哥) ， Adrar(毛里塔尼亚). 在湖 Ejagham 的族群, 喀麦隆是易受伤害的.(参考文献 12255) Sarotherodon galilaeus ejagham nom。 provis。 被歸類為易受傷害的 D 2 在這 2004 IUCN 受威脅種的紅色目錄中.(參考文獻 53964)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 16.3, range 16 - ? cm
Max length : 39.5 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 57961); 最大体重: 1.6 kg (Ref. 2756)
背棘 (总数) : 14 - 17; 背的软条 (总数) : 11 - 14; 臀棘: 3; 臀鳍软条: 9 - 12; 脊椎骨: 27 - 31. Diagnosis: 20-27 rakers on lower limb of first arch; length of lower pharyngeal jaw < 43.5% of head length; 29-32 scales in lateral line series; toothed area of lower pharyngeal jaw broad > 2-3 times in keel length (Ref. 81260). Upper profile of snout straight or slightly arched (Ref. 53405). Head length 32.5-39.0% SL (Ref. 53405, 81260). 27-30 total dorsal-fin rays (average 28-29); body depth 43.0-56.5% SL (usually over 45%); length of pectoral fins 36.0-50.0% SL; interorbital space 36.0-44.0% HL (Ref. 53405). Caudal fin naked except at base; melanin patches only in occasional individuals, not populations; reproductive individuals greyish dorsally, silvery ventrally; margin of dorsal and caudal fins pinkish; pectoral usually extending to above vent or spinous anal fin; males with longer soft dorsal and anal fin-rays (Ref. 2).
有黑色的区块只在偶然的个体而不是族群中, 与具有裸露的尾鳍除了在基底之外。 生殖的个体略灰色的背面, 银色的腹地; 背鳍与尾鳍鳍的略带桃色边缘。 胸的通常延伸至排泄孔或刺状的臀鳍上方。 雄性有较长的软背鳍棘条与臀鳍棘条。
Has been known to occur at 9°C; occasionally form schools; territorial (Ref. 2). Adults prefer open waters but juveniles and breeding adults are found inshore (Ref. 4999). Often associated with beds of submerged vegetation in Sudd lakes; feed on algae and fine organic debris; bi-parental mouthbrooder (Ref. 28714). Lacks marked sexual dichromatism when sexually active; forms temporary pair bonds (Ref. 81260). Maximum size recorded at 41.0 cm TL (Ref. 2756).
曾经知道在 9 °C 出现.(参考文献 2) 偶然地形成鱼群; 领域性。 偏爱开放的水域，但是稚鱼与繁殖成鱼被发现沿海地区。 (参考文献 4999) 在浮游植物堆湖中的水中植物的时常伴随着床。 吃藻类与细的有机残砾。 双亲的口孵者.(参考文献 28714)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
The initiative throughout courting and mating is taken predominantly by the female; female mainly responsible for the excavation of nest and defending mating territory. Pair-formation exists and is dissolved as soon as the eggs are in the parental mouth. Mouth brooding is reportedly biparental. 非洲与欧亚大陆: Jordan 系统, 尤其在湖中; 以色列的沿海的河川; 尼罗河系统, 包括三角州湖与湖艾伯特湖与 Turkana; Jebel 玛拉, 查德流域 w/Shari 河; 中央的刚果河流域， Ubanghi 与伟莱河河，湖 Kotto ，尼日， Ogun ，佛塔河， Corubal ，甘比亚，卡萨芒斯与塞内加尔河， Draa(摩洛哥) ， Adrar(毛里塔尼亚). 在湖 Ejagham 的族群, 喀麦隆是易受伤害的.(参考文献 12255) Sarotherodon galilaeus ejagham nom。 provis。 被歸類為易受傷害的 D 2 在這 2004 IUCN 受威脅種的紅色目錄中.(參考文獻 53964)
Trewavas, E., 1983. Tilapiine fishes of the genera Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Danakilia. British Mus. Nat. Hist., London, UK. 583 p. (Ref. 2)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 养殖: 商业性; 水族馆: 商业性
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01778 (0.01416 - 0.02233), b=3.01 (2.94 - 3.08), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 2.0 ±0.00 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 2.1 (1.8 - 2.3) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 23
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.22-0.5; tm=1.5-2; Fec > 1,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 107 [46, 211] mg/100g; Iron = 1.28 [0.55, 2.85] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.1, 20.3] %; Omega3 = 0.262 [0.143, 0.568] g/100g; Selenium = 23.9 [12.2, 50.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 5.94 [1.45, 21.59] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.06 [0.72, 1.71] mg/100g (wet weight);
