Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; نطاق العمق 10 - 60 m (Ref. 91172). Tropical; 32°N - 18°S, 117°W - 73°W
Eastern Pacific: Mexico to Peru.
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm ?, range 10 - ? cm
Max length : 30.4 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 91172); أعلا وزن تم نشرة: 858.20 g (Ref. 91172)
Inhabits flat sand bottoms (Ref. 11482). Feeds on small fishes and crustaceans (Ref. 28023). Marketed fresh.
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).
Hensley, D.A., 1995. Paralichthyidae. Lenguados. p. 1349-1380. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9330)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: غير مهمة تجارياً
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.7 - 28.6, mean 25.6 °C (based on 74 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00741 (0.00457 - 0.01201), b=3.10 (2.96 - 3.24), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 4.0 ±0.67 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 0.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): عالي, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع أقل من 15 شهر (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Prior r = 0.35, 95% CL = 0.23 - 0.52, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 288 [127, 613] mg/100g; Iron = 1.64 [0.70, 3.22] mg/100g; Protein = 16.7 [14.5, 19.1] %; Omega3 = 0.148 [0.069, 0.318] g/100g; Selenium = 75 [34, 187] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.21 [2.11, 32.38] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.17 [0.72, 1.85] mg/100g (wet weight);