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Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) >
Paralichthyidae (Large-tooth flounders)
Etymology: Paralichthys: Greek, para = the side of + Greek, ichthys = fish + Greek, suffix, oides = similar to (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Jordan.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ökologie
seewasser demersal; tiefenbereich 6 - 200 m (Ref. 36453), usually 70 - 100 m (Ref. 43588). Subtropical; - 43°S
Southeast Pacific: Chile (Ref. 9068). Southwest Atlantic: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to Patagonia, Argentina (Ref. 36453).
Length at first maturity / Size / Gewicht / Alter
Maturity: Lm 33.5  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 48.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 43588); 62.0 cm TL (female); common length : 40.0 cm TL Männchen/unbestimmt; (Ref. 6077)
Rückenflossenstacheln (insgesamt) : 0; Rückenflossenweichstrahlen (insgesamt) : 78 - 84; Afterflossenstacheln: 0; Afterflossenweichstrahlen: 60 - 65; Wirbelzahl: 37 - 39. Scales ctenoid only on the ocular side, cycloid on the blind side (Ref. 43588).
Ranges from the coast to 200 m depth (Ref. 36453). Frequently captured over sandy bottoms (Ref. 42588). Feeds mainly on fishes, also shrimps (Ref. 36453).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Geschlechtsreife | Fortpflanzung | Ablaichen | Eier | Fecundity | Larven
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).
Figueiredo, J.L. and N.A. Menezes, 2000. Manual de peixes marinhos do sudeste do Brasil. VI.Teleostei (5). Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo. Brazil. 116 p. (Ref. 36453)
IUCN Rote Liste Status (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
Bedrohung für Menschen
Harmless
Nutzung durch Menschen
Fischereien: kommerziell
Tools
Zusatzinformationen
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 4.8 - 19.9, mean 10.1 °C (based on 74 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00537 (0.00450 - 0.00641), b=3.16 (3.11 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.66 se; based on food items.
Widerstandsfähigkeit (Ref.
120179): mittel, Verdopplung der Population dauert 1,4 - 4,4 Jahre. (K=0.3).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (51 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 71.3 [31.6, 128.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.966 [0.464, 1.748] mg/100g; Protein = 16.1 [13.8, 19.5] %; Omega3 = 0.208 [0.110, 0.380] g/100g; Selenium = 31.6 [14.3, 71.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.1 [3.5, 55.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.526 [0.349, 0.788] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.