分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Scombriformes (Mackerels)
鱸形目 (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos)
鯖科 (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Thunnus: Greek, thynnos = tunna (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bleeker.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 10 - ? m. 熱帶; 47°N - 31°S, 34°E - 154°E (Ref. 54923)
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to New Guinea, north to Japan, south to Australia. Reported in New Zealand (Ref. 89192).
印度-西太平洋: 紅海而且東非到新幾內亞, 北至日本南至澳洲。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 60.7 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 145 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 40637); common length : 70.0 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 168); 最大體重: 35.9 kg (Ref. 168); 最大年齡: 19 年 (Ref. 97108)
脊椎骨: 39. A small species, deepest near the middle of the first dorsal fin base. The second dorsal fin is higher than the first dorsal fin; the pectoral fins are short to moderately long; swim bladder is absent or rudimentary. Lower sides and belly silvery white with colorless elongate oval spots arranged in horizontally oriented rows. The dorsal, pectoral and pelvic fins are blackish; the tip of the second dorsal and anal fins are washed with yellow; the anal fin is silvery; the dorsal and anal finlets are yellow with grayish margins; the caudal fin is blackish, with streaks of yellow green.
一種小的種, 深的在第一背鰭基底的中央的附近。 第二個背鰭比第一背鰭更高; 胸鰭是短的到中等長度的; 泳鰾不存在或不發達的。 下側與腹面銀白色有無色的被排列成水平導向的列的細長的橢圓形的斑點。 背鰭、胸鰭與腹鰭是黑色的; 第二個背鰭與臀鰭的頂端褪色成黃色; 臀鰭是銀色的; 背部與肛門的離鰭是黃色的有淺灰色的邊緣; 尾鰭是黑色的,藉由黃色綠色的條紋。
Predominantly neritic species avoiding very turbid waters and areas with reduced salinity such as estuaries. May form schools of varying size. Feeds on a variety of fishes, cephalopods, and crustaceans, particularly stomatopod larvae and prawns (Ref. 9684). Marketed mainly fresh and dried salted (Ref. 9684), but also smoked, canned and frozen (Ref. 9987).
避開非常混濁的水域主要淺海的種與有低鹽度例如河口的區域。 可能形成各種大小的魚群。 吃多種魚，頭足類動物與甲殼動物, 特別地口足目幼生與蝦.(參考文獻 9684) 主要地在市場上銷售生鮮或乾漬 (參考文獻 9684), 也煙燻, 罐裝及冷凍.(參考文獻 9987)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-西太平洋: 紅海而且東非到新幾內亞, 北至日本南至澳洲。
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13 - 28.4, mean 26.5 °C (based on 1398 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5039 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01413 (0.00818 - 0.02439), b=3.00 (2.86 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.32; assuming tm=2-4; tmax=18.7; Fec>1M).
Prior r = 0.79, 95% CL = 0.52 - 1.18, Based on 2 full stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (75 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 48.2 [25.8, 117.5] mg/100g; Iron = 3.01 [1.19, 7.29] mg/100g; Protein = 23.2 [21.8, 24.6] %; Omega3 = 0.316 [0.191, 0.535] g/100g; Selenium = 101 [27, 327] μg/100g; VitaminA = 44 [6, 332] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.489 [0.265, 0.931] mg/100g (wet weight);
