分类 / Names
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Teleostei >
Clupeiformes (Herrings) >
Dorosomatidae (Gizzard shads and sardinellas)
Etymology: Nematalosa: Greek, nema, -atos = filament + Latin, alausa = a fish cited by Ausonius and Latin, halec = pickle, dealing with the Greek word hals = salt; it is also the old Saxon name for shad = "alli" ; 1591 (Ref. 45335).
Eponymy: ‘HMS Erebus’ was a British warship used in surveying and exploring and from which the holotype was collected. (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Günther.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
; 淡水; 半咸淡水 大洋性; 河川洄游 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 3 m (Ref. 6390). 亞熱帶的; 15°C - 25°C (Ref. 2060); 11°S - 37°S
Oceania and Asia: Rivers of Australia and southwestern Papua New Guinea (from Fortescue River near Dampier Archipelago in Western Australia, eastward in rivers through the Northern Territory and Queensland south to the Murray-Darling system; also the Finke River, affluent to Lake Eyre; Bensbach River (Ref. 6993) and Digoel River in New Guinea.
大洋洲與亞洲: 澳洲的河與西南方的巴布亞新幾內亞 (從在丹皮爾列島的附近在西澳大利亞的佛特斯裘河, 在河經過北部地區與昆士蘭省的向東南至墨累－達令流域; 也 Finke 河, 愛麗湖的支流; 在新幾內亞的 Bensbach 河 (參考文獻 6993) 與 Digoel 河。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 18.3, range 13 - ? cm
Max length : 48.0 cm SL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 6390)
背棘 (总数) : 0; 臀棘: 0; 臀鳍软条: 17 - 26. Belly with 14 to 18 (usually 16 to 17) - 11 to 14 (usually 12 or 13), total 25 to 31 (usually 20 to 30) scutes. Anterior arm of pre-operculum with fleshy triangular area above, not covered by third infra-orbital bone (see N. come). Edge of lower jaw strongly flared outward. Pectoral axillary scale rudimentary or absent. Hind edge of scales not toothed. A dark spot behind gill opening.
腹面有 14 到 18-(通常 16 到 17) 11 到 14(通常 12 或 13), 总数 25 到 31(通常 20 到 30)个鳞甲。 前臂预先鳃盖有肉质的三角形的区域在上面, 不被第三个下眼窝骨盖着.(见 N. 被来 ) 下颌的边缘向外呈大喇叭形。 胸的腋窝鳞片不发达或不存在。 鳞片的后缘没有齿的。 在鳃裂后面的一个深色斑点。
Occur often far up rivers, but also in estuaries and in Lakes Alexandrina and Albert near mouth of a river (Ref. 188). Most commonly inhabit streams coursing through relatively dry eucalyptus-scrub or desert areas, preferring sluggish or quiet waters (Ref. 5259, 44894). Also found in saline lakes (slightly less salty than sea water). Tolerant of water temperatures between 9° and 38°C and pH 4.8-8.6. Although these fish have a wide tolerance of temperature and pH, they are susceptible to oxygen depletion and are usually the first to perish when ephemeral habitats begin to dry up. Common length is 15-20 cm (Ref. 44894). Frequently noted in large shoals that feed on benthic algae; also feed on insects and small crustaceans. Spawning may occur repeatedly in the north with a peak during the wet season; probably annual in the south (Ref. 5259, 44894).
时常出现在河川最上游, 也在一条河口附近的河口与湖 Alexandrina 与艾伯特湖中.(参考文献 188) 大部分通常居住于流经相当干的尤加利树区或沙漠地带的溪流, 偏爱缓动性或安静的水域。 (参考文献 5259,44894) 也发现于咸水湖。 (些微比较不咸超过海水) 宽容的在 9个 ° 与 38 °C 与酸碱度 4.8-8.6 之间的水温. 虽然这些鱼有一个温度与酸碱度的广泛包容, 但是，他们是易受氧消耗与当短暂存在的栖息地开始变干的时候，第一个通常将死亡。 普遍的长度是 15-20 公分。 (參考文獻 44894) 時常在大群魚群那吃底部藻類者中被記錄到; 也吃昆蟲與小型甲殼動物。 產卵可能重複地在向北中出現在濕季的時候具有一個高峰; 可能全年在南方.(參考文獻 5259,44894)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
In more northerly part of its range, spawning may take place several times over the year but is probably annual in southern localities.大洋洲與亞洲: 澳洲的河與西南方的巴布亞新幾內亞 (從在丹皮爾列島的附近在西澳大利亞的佛特斯裘河, 在河經過北部地區與昆士蘭省的向東南至墨累－達令流域; 也 Finke 河, 愛麗湖的支流; 在新幾內亞的 Bensbach 河 (參考文獻 6993) 與 Digoel 河。
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
世界自然保护联盟红皮书 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 诱饵: usually
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Estimates based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5005 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00708 (0.00403 - 0.01245), b=2.98 (2.83 - 3.13), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 2.8 ±0.29 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.1 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=2; tmax=10; Fec=33,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
