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> Syngnathiformes (Pipefishes and seahorses) > Syngnathidae (Pipefishes and seahorses) > Syngnathinae
Etymology: Syngnathus: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, gnathos = jaw (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Risso.

Issue
Syngnathus caspius Eichwald, 1831, was considered a synonym of Syngnathus abaster Risso, 1827. Reconsidered as a valid species since 2009 in various ichthyofaunas without compelling evidence until Zarei et al. (2021: Ref. 130571) used genetic characters (see the introduction for a complete history of the taxonomy). Information under Syngnathus abaster to be reviewed in FB.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range पारिस्थितिकी

समुद्री; स्वच्छ जल, अलवण जल; खारा ड़िमरसल; amphidromous? (Ref. 51243); गहराई सीमा 0 - 5 m (Ref. 6733). Subtropical; 45°N - 30°N, 10°W - 42°E

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Eastern Atlantic: southern Biscay to Gibraltar, and also the Mediterranean and Black seas. Introduced and became established in the former USSR.

आकार / वज़न / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 22.1 cm SL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 94846)

Euryhaline, found among detritus or vegetation over sand or mud, within a temperature range of 8° to 24°C. Probably an amphidromous species (Ref. 51243) but migratory behavior needs verification. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205). The male carries the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail (Ref. 205). Early free-living young measure 23 mm TL (Ref. 6733).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | पुनरुत्पत्ति | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | लार्वा

Females lay 10-60 eggs into a brood pouch on ventral surface of tail of males. Males fertilize the eggs as they enter the pouch. Eggs incubate in the male´s brood pouch for about 20-32 days, depending of temperature. (Ref.59043).

Main reference Upload your references | संदर्भ | संयोजक | सहयोगीयो

Dawson, C.E., 1986. Syngnathidae. p. 628-639. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Volume 2. Unesco, Paris. (Ref. 6733)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 20 May 2016

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

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इंटरनेट स्रोत

Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 15.2 - 21.4, mean 18.8 °C (based on 552 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00025 (0.00020 - 0.00031), b=3.23 (3.18 - 3.28), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.2 ±0.40 se; based on food items.

Generation time: 1.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.

लौटाव (Ref. 120179): ऊंचा, न्यूनतम जनसंख्या दुगनी समय अवलागत 15 महीने। (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 206 [103, 448] mg/100g; Iron = 1.65 [0.97, 2.99] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [17, 19] %; Omega3 = 0.242 [0.130, 0.441] g/100g; Selenium = 15.7 [7.5, 33.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 18.7 [6.9, 52.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.23 [0.82, 1.82] mg/100g (wet weight);

Syngnathus abaster Risso, 1827