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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lethrinidae (Emperors or scavengers) > Monotaxinae
Eponymy: Dr J C D Watts worked at the Tropical Fish Culture Research Institute, Malacca, Malaysia and at the Fisheries Development and Research Unit, Freetown, Sierra Leone. [...] (Ref. 128868), visit book page.
More on author: Smith.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut berasosiasi dengan karang; nir-ruaya; kisaran kedalaman 100 - 200 m (Ref. 86942). Deep-water; 35°N - 34°S
Indo-West Pacific: tropical, known only from a few scattered localities.
Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm 31.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 55.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 2295); common length : 35.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 2295)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)) : 10; duri punggung lunak (Keseluruhan (total)) : 10; Duri dubur: 3; Sirip dubur lunak: 10. The inner surface of the pectoral fin axil without scales. Overall color is silvery-gray with yellowish suffusion; scale margins are narrowly brownish. Indistinct dark blotches or bars are sometimes apparent on the body. The lips are whitish to yellow. The fins are yellow, faint brown spotting may be present on soft dorsal, anal, and caudal fins. A narrow blackish bar runs across the base of the pectoral fin.
Inhabits the outer edge of the continental shelf. Feeds on bottom-living invertebrates and small fishes. Caught mainly with bottom longlines and bottom trawls (Ref. 9775).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
Carpenter, K.E. and G.R. Allen, 1989. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 9. Emperor fishes and large-eye breams of the world (family Lethrinidae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lethrinid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(9):118 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 2295)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 14.4 - 24.3, mean 19.9 °C (based on 186 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01862 (0.00668 - 0.05187), b=2.96 (2.72 - 3.20), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.52 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 3.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): sedang, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum 1.4 - 4.4 tahun (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (28 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 7.76 [3.70, 20.47] mg/100g; Iron = 0.227 [0.089, 0.528] mg/100g; Protein = 18.9 [16.9, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.157 [0.067, 0.348] g/100g; Selenium = 11.4 [3.9, 31.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.7 [2.0, 110.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.323 [0.185, 0.529] mg/100g (wet weight);
