分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Carangiformes (Jacks)
鱸形目 (Jacks) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos)
鰺科 (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Caranx: French, carangue, the name of a Caribbean fish; 1836 (Ref. 45335).
More on authors: Quoy & Gaimard.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 非產卵性溯降河的; 深度上下限 0 - 146 m (Ref. 57178). 熱帶; 26°C - 29°C; 32°N - 36°S, 25°E - 77°W
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Hawaii, north to southern Japan and the Ogasawara Islands, south to Australia and New Caledonia. Eastern Pacific: southwestern coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico and the Gulf of California to Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands (Ref. 9283).
印度-太平洋: 紅海而且東非到夏威夷, 北至日本南部與小笠原群島, 南至澳洲與新加勒多尼亞。 東太平洋: 墨西哥南下加利福尼亞與加州灣到厄瓜多的西南方海岸與加拉巴哥群島.(參考文獻 9283)
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 42.0 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 120 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9987); common length : 60.0 cm FL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3287); 最大體重: 18.0 kg (Ref. 9987)
背棘 (總數) : 9; 背的軟條 (總數) : 19 - 22; 臀棘: 3; 臀鰭軟條: 14 - 17; 脊椎骨: 25. This species is distinguished by the following characters: dorsal profile moderately convex anteriorly; adipose eyelid well developed, moderate anteriorly, posterior eyelid extends onto eye to rear border of pupil; gill rakers (including rudiments) 6-8 + 15-19 = 21-25; straight part of lateral line with 0-3 anterior scales followed by 27-36 strong, dark scutes; breast completely scaly; vertebrae 10+15; upper jaw with outer row of strong canines widely spaced in adults, and an inner band of small villiform teeth, widest at symphysis; on lower limb of first gill arch jaw with a single row of strong conical teeth widely spaced in adults. Colour in life with adults' head and body silvery olive to iridescent blue-green above, silvery olive to whitish below; small blackish spot, much smaller than pupil diameter, at upper angle of opercle (this spot evident on specimens of about 14 cm fork length); second dorsal fin olive to blackish, the lobe with a white tip (white tip becomes more obvious with increasing size) (Ref. 9894).
體色藍色虹彩的-綠色背面, 下面銀白色的; 軟的背部葉與臀鰭有尖端白色的葉; 尾部的淡黃色的到黑色的。 胸鰭鐮刀狀的; 臀鰭有 2根分離的棘。 上緣鰓蓋有一個小的黑色斑點。 27-36個強又深色的鱗甲。 胸部完全覆蓋著鱗片。
Adults inhabit coastal and oceanic waters associated with reefs (Ref. 9283, 58302). Pelagic at 1-96 m (Ref. 58302). They are often seen in large daytime schools but solitary at night when feeding (Ref. 90102). During the day they are usually seen milling in stationary aggregations (Ref. 44894), forming slow-moving schools in the passes or outside the reef (Ref. 4795). Juveniles may be encountered in estuaries (Ref. 9283, 44894), occasionally entering rivers and penetrating well inland (Ref. 2847, 44894). Adults feed mainly on fishes, squids and crustaceans (Ref. 9283, Ref. 90102). They are caught mainly on hook-and-line; also with gill nets, purse seines, and other artisanal gear (Ref. 9894). Marketed fresh, dried or salted (Ref. 9283) and frozen (Ref. 9987). Consumed broiled and baked (Ref. 9987).
棲息於海岸的與大洋性水域伴隨著礁了.(參考文獻 9283) 偶然地進入河。 稚魚在河口 (參考文獻 9283) 可能見到, 偶然地進入河而且相當深入內陸.(參考文獻 2847) 在岩礁通道或岩礁外中形成移動緩慢的魚群在白天期間, 分散在晚上吃。 (參考文獻 4795) 主要吃魚與甲殼動物。 (參考文獻 9283) 在市場上銷售生鮮地了, 乾燥或鹽醃 (參考文獻 9283) 與冷凍的.(參考文獻 9987) 消費火烤與燒烤的.(參考文獻 9987)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
印度-太平洋: 紅海而且東非到夏威夷, 北至日本南部與小笠原群島, 南至澳洲與新加勒多尼亞。 東太平洋: 墨西哥南下加利福尼亞與加州灣到厄瓜多的西南方海岸與加拉巴哥群島.(參考文獻 9283)
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435: Version 2024-1)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 13 December 2018
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
工具
特別的報告
下載 XML
網路資源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.3 - 28.9, mean 27.3 °C (based on 2054 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01778 (0.01468 - 0.02154), b=2.96 (2.93 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.6 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 4.6 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.24).
Prior r = 0.46, 95% CL = 0.30 - 0.68, Based on 1 data-limited stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (45 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High to very high vulnerability (72 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 15.5 [7.0, 30.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.33 [0.18, 0.64] mg/100g; Protein = 20.3 [18.1, 22.8] %; Omega3 = 0.14 [0.08, 0.23] g/100g; Selenium = 53.9 [26.8, 111.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 57.2 [17.0, 188.6] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.439 [0.317, 0.628] mg/100g (wet weight);
